Gal-3 promotes vascular fibrosis in hypertensive PAs. The expression of profibrotic markers was determined in PAs isolated from rats treated with MCT for 4 weeks. Relative expression of (A) CD90 (Thy1, fibroblast marker) and (B) GREM1 mRNA was determined in PAs isolated from control, MCT-treated, and MCT-treated with fibroblasts. In (C), recombinant Gal-3 (2 μg/mL) increased collagen expression in fibroblasts but did not modify the ability of TGF-β1 (2.5 ng/mL). In (D), recombinant Gal-3 did not increase NOX4 expression or alter the ability of TGF-β1 to robustly increase NOX4 expression. In (E), recombinant Gal-3 did not increase the expression or smooth muscle actin or alter the ability of TGF-β1 to robustly increase expression. n = 3–4, *p < 0.05 versus vehicle, #p < 0.05 versus MCT. TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta 1. Color images are available online.