Figure 7. Movements are important for interpreting single-neuron data.

(A) Example windows in M2 (top) and posterior cortex (bottom). Colors in top window indicate neural response strength during licking. Colors in bottom window indicate location of visual areas, based on retinotopic mapping. Top right picture shows example field-of-view in ALM with neurons colored randomly. (B) Population PETHs from different cortical areas averaged over all trials and recorded neurons. Shading indicates SEM. n_ALM=4571 neurons, n_MM=6364 neurons, n_V1=594 neurons, n_RS=206 neurons, n_S1=252 neurons. (C) Explained variance for single model variables. Shown is either all explained variance (light green) or unique model contribution (dark green). The box shows the first and third quartiles, inner line is the median over 10 mice, whiskers represent minimum and maximum values. Prev.: previous. (D) Explained variance for variable groups. Conventions as in (C). Left panel shows results for all areas, right panels show results for individual cortical areas. (E) Explained variance of variable groups for individual neurons, sorted by full-model performance (light gray trace). Traces above the horizontal axis reflect all explained variance and traces below show unique model contributions (similar to light and dark green bars in D). Colors indicate variable groups. (F) Partitioning of the ALM population PETH. Colors show contributions from different variable groups. Summation of all group contributions results in the original PETH (gray traces). (G) PETH modulation indices (MIs). Histograms show MIs for each variable group. Dashed lines show MI values for example cells in H. (H) PETH partitioning of single neurons. Boxes show example cells, most strongly modulated by the task (green), uninstructed movements (black), instructed movements (blue) or a combination of all three (red). Original PETHs in gray.