Table 1.
Overview of household water insecurity experiences study sites, by World Bnk region
| World Bank region | Site (n) | Water insecurity module version | Urbanicity | Sampling strategy | Season of data collection | Respondent sex, % female | Respondent age, mean (SD) | Household size, mean (SD) |
| Africa | Accra, Ghana (229) | 1 | Urban | Stratified random | Rainy season | 78.2 | 37.3 (12.9) | 6.2 (5.2) |
| Lagos, Nigeria (239) | 1 | Urban | Multi-stage random | Rainy season | 73.5 | 39.2 (10.8) | 4.8 (3.1) | |
| Kahemba, DRC (392)* | 1 | Rural | Cluster randomised control trial | Dry season | 65.6 | 38.5 (14.7) | 6.7 (2.7) | |
| Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (259) | 1 | Rural | Stratified random | Rainy season | 100 | 36.0 (13.0) | 5.0 (2.2) | |
| Singida, Tanzania (564) | 1 | Rural | Purposive, community led | Dry season | 56.7 | 32.8 (9.1) | 6.2 (2.2) | |
| Lilongwe, Malawi (302) | 1 | Peri-urban | Cluster random | Neither rainy nor dry season | 86.8 | 32.3 (12.0) | 5.2 (2.3) | |
| Arua, Uganda (250) | 1 | Rural | Cluster random | Rainy season | 85.6 | 36.5 (14.8) | 6.1 (2.9) | |
| Kisumu, Kenya (247) | 1 | Rural | Simple random | Neither rainy nor dry season | 81.3 | 39.3 (15.5) | 5.5 (2.8) | |
| Kampala, Uganda (246) | 1 | Urban | Purposive | Dry season | 69.1 | 37.3 (11.2) | 5.4 (3.0) | |
| Morogoro, Tanzania (300) | 2 | Urban and peri-urban | Cluster random | Rainy season | 78.3 | 40.1 (14.9) | 6.2 (3.5) | |
| East Asia and Pacific | Upolu, Samoa (176)† | 1 | Urban and peri-urban | Purposive | Across multiple seasons | 57.5 | 50.9 (9.8) | n.d. |
| Labuan Bajo, Indonesia (279) | 2 | Urban | Cluster random | Dry season | 44.8 | 38.2 (11.3) | 4.6 (1.9) | |
| Europe and Central Asia | Dushanbe, Tajikistan (225) | 1 | Urban | Cluster random | Dry season | 73.3 | 41.0 (14.4) | 5.5 (2.7) |
| Latin America and the Caribbean | Ceará, Brazil (254) | 1 | Urban | Cluster random | Neither rainy nor dry season | 70.1 | 43.2 (16.1) | 4.0 (1.8) |
| Mérida, Mexico (250) | 1 | Urban | Cluster random | Dry season | 63.2 | 45.3 (15.5) | 4.7 (2.7) | |
| Acatenango, Guatemala (101)† | 1 | Peri-urban | Cluster random | Dry season | 93.0 | 48.0 (16.1) | 4.8 (2.1) | |
| Honda, Colombia (196)*† | 1 | Peri-urban | Cluster random | Rainy season | 63.6 | 52.2 (15.2) | 3.4 (1.9) | |
| Torreón, Mexico (249) | 2 | Urban | Simple random | Middle/end of dry season | 73.1 | 46.3 (16.6) | 3.7 (1.9) | |
| San Borja, Bolivia (247) | 2 | Rural | Simple random | Dry season | 58.6 | 40.0 (14.6) | 5.8 (3.0) | |
| Chiquimula, Guatemala (314) | 2 | Rural | Systematic random | Middle/end of dry season | 86.6 | 38.8 (15.0) | 6.1 (2.5) | |
| Gressier, Haiti (292) | 2 | Peri-urban | Stratified random | Dry season | 98.6 | 36.1 (14.0) | 5.0 (2.2) | |
| Cartagena, Colombia (266) | 2 | Urban | Stratified random | Dry season | 69.2 | 40.8 (15.1) | 5.3 (2.8) | |
| Middle East and North Africa | Beirut, Lebanon (573) | 2 | Urban | Cluster random | Rainy season | 63.8 | 42.9 (14.9) | 4.2 (1.9) |
| Sistan and Balochistan, Iran (306) | 2 | Urban, peri-urban and rural | Stratified random | Rainy season | 99.0 | 33.3 (10.9) | 5.4 (2.3) | |
| South Asia | Kathmandu, Nepal (263) | 1 | Urban | Cluster random | Rainy season | 71.5 | 41.4 (13.3) | 4.8 (2.2) |
| Pune, India (180)† | 1 | Urban | Parallel assignment, non-randomised | Across multiple seasons | 100 | 29.5 (5.8) | 4.3 (2.7) | |
| Punjab, Pakistan (235) | 2 | Rural and peri-urban | Cluster random | Dry season | 57.5 | 35.9 (10.1) | 8.1 (2.8) | |
| Rajasthan, India (248) | 2 | Urban | Stratified random | Dry season | 27.0 | 41.9 (13.1) | 6.3 (3.6) |
*Dropped from analysis because of problems with survey questionnaires.
†Dropped from analysis for achieving less than 90% of the a priori sample size.