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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 30.
Published in final edited form as: Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2018 Feb 23;54:188–195. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2018.01.001

Table 2.

Main effect of task of cardiovascular outcomes

Mean Mean Difference ± SD*
Heart rate
No task 82.69 ± 14.54 −0.58 ± 6.14
Cell phone 86.90 ± 15.43 3.13 ± 6.89
Texting 84.39 ± 16.67 0.50 ± 6.63
Resting 83.11 ± 14.59 -
SBP
No task 116.22 ± 12.54 0.93 ± 8.20
Cell phone 118.93 ± 11.89 3.53 ± 8.41
Texting 116.83 ± 12.35 1.27 ± 8.21
Resting 115.35 ± 10.51 -
DBP
 No task 65.30 ± 8.43 −0.27 ± 6.40
 Cell phone 66.81 ± 9.15 0.97 ± 6.70
 Texting 66.22 ± 8.05 0.47 ± 6.36
 Resting 65.60 ± 8.39 -
MAP
No task 84.18 ± 9.34 −0.05 ± 5.65
Cell phone 86.58 ± 9.15 2.10 ± 5.52
Texting 85.18 ± 9.15 0.69 ± 6.00
Resting 84.28 ± 8.20 -
RMSSD
No task 4.68 ± 1.96 -
Cell phone 5.15 ± 1.72 -
Texting 4.31 ± 1.35 -
Resting 4.18 ± 1.75 -

Note.

*

Calculated as resting – task. Bold is p < 0.05; Italics is p < 0.01