Table 1.

Cognitive measures.

Construct	Assessment	Modality	Scoring and Interpretation
Shifting	BRIEF-Shifting	Behavioral Rating	Participants rate how frequent they having difficulties moving from one task to another, tolerate change, and alternate attentional focus. Frequencies are summed with higher values indicating more shifting difficulties.
Shifting	UFOV-2®	Performance Task	During several trials, participant must identify a central target while also locating peripheral target on the screen. Score is calculated in milliseconds at which stimuli was presented for 75% accuracy of identifying central stimuli and locating peripheral stimuli.
Inhibition	BRIEF-Inhibition	Behavioral Ratings	Participants rate how frequently they have difficulty controlling impulses and terminate inappropriate/irrelevant behavior. Frequencies are summed with higher values indicating more inhibition difficulties.
Inhibition	UFOV-3®	Performance Task	During several trials, participant must identify a central and peripheral stimulus target while inhibiting distractor stimuli on the screen. Score is calculated in milliseconds at which stimulus was presented for 75% accuracy of the central stimulus. Higher scores indicate worse inhibition.
Inhibition	Stroop Color-Word Task	Performance Task	Participants must name color of the ink of several presented words. For a portion of trials, the ink color matched the word meaning (congruent) while for other the ink color does not match the word meaning (incongruent). The mean reaction time (milliseconds) of congruent trials are subtracted the mean reaction time of incongruent trials to calculate response inhibition. Higher milliseconds indicates poorer response inhibition (more time needed to inhibit during incongruent condition).
Working Memory	BRIEF-Working Memory	Behavioral Ratings	Participants rate how frequently they have difficulties encoding information, remember information, and transform information to generate/implement plans sequentially. Frequencies are summed with higher values indicating more shifting difficulties.
Working Memory	A-OSPAN	Performance Task	Through several trials, participants must remember letters presented in between math problems which are being solved, and then recalled. Scores are taken from highest number of letters correctly, with higher values indicating greater WM capacity.

Notes. BRIEF=Behavioral Rating Index of Executive Function, A-OSPAN=Automated Operational Span, UFOV=Useful Field of View.