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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2019 Jan 26;20(7):842–851. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.01.011

Table 1:

Univariate analyses: Sociodemographics and total ORT score

Variable Category Control Cases p-value
Count % Count %
Gender Men 258 33.0 212 53.4 <0.001
Women 523 67.0 185 46.6

Marital Status
Married 474 60.7 97 24.4
<0.001
Separated 26 3.3 31 7.8
Divorced 132 16.9 62 15.6
Never Married 116 14.9 195 49.1
Widowed 33 4.2 12 3.0
How many people live with you? Live alone 128 16.4 73 18.5 <0.001
One other 355 45.5 105 26.6
More than one 297 38.1 216 54.8


Education Level
6th grade or less 1 0.1 2 0.5

<0.001
7th to 12th grade 42 5.4 73 18.4
High School Graduate 157 20.1 152 38.4
Part College 195 25.0 96 24.2
2-year Graduate 108 13.8 25 6.3
4-year Graduate 122 15.6 26 6.6
Part Post-Graduate 37 4.7 8 2.0
Post-grad Graduate 119 15.2 14 3.5
Paid work No 581 74.6 299 75.5 0.730
Yes 198 25.4 97 24.5
Hours worked Full Time 119 60.1 42 44.7 0.013
Part Time 79 39.6 52 55.3
If not employed, why? Retired 110 19.3 8 2.7 <0.001
Laid off/Looking 24 4.2 128 43.7
Disabled 437 76.5 157 53.6
Disabled with benefits No 105 24.1 62 40.3 <0.001
Yes 331 75.9 92 59.7
Financial Situation Cannot make ends 147 19.0 199 50.6 <0.001
Have just enough 359 46.4 159 40.5
Comfortable 268 34.6 35 8.9
Continuous Variables
Variables Control (n=781) Cases (n= 397) p-value
Mean SD Mean SD
Age 53.86 12.65 40.02 10.92 <0.001
Total ORT Score 2.38 2.61 12.73 5.73 <0.001