Table 1.

Summary of rheological properties of hydrogel precursor solutions. Dash marks (−) = data not provided.

Reference	Hydrogel Type	Materials	Methods	Shear Response	Recovery Time	Yield Stress (Pa)
Abbadessa et al. [114]	Combinational Entanglement and Photoinitiated	Methacrylated chondroitin sulfate and PEG triblock copolymer	20 mm cone and plate (1°), 27 μm gap	Thinning	< 10 s	19.2
Avery et al.[148]	Physical Charge	Gelatin and silicate nanoplatelets	25 mm cone and plate (1°)	Thinning	<1 min
Beck et al. [70]	Chemical Photoinitiated	Methacrylated hyaluronic acid and hyaluronic acid nanoparticles	20 mm parallel plate	Thinning		~18 to 160
Beck et al. [38]	Chemical Photoinitiated	Methacrylated hyaluronic acid and hyaluronic acid nanoparticles	20 mm parallel plate, 500 μm gap	Thinning	<5 mins	~200 to 700
Beck et al.[2]	Chemical Photoinitiated	Methacrylated solubilized devitalized cartilage and devitalized cartilage microparticles	20 mm parallel plate, 500 μm gap	Thinning		~30 to 1500
Beck et al. [67]	Chemical Photoinitiated	Methacrylated hyaluronic acid and devitalized/decellulariz ed cartilage microparticles	20 mm crosshatched parallel plate, 500 μm gap	Thinning		~90 to 240
Dennis et al.[37]	Physical Colloidal Flocculation	Chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles	20 mm parallel plate, 500 μm gap	Thinning	<5 mins	~1 to 1400
Dennis et al.[76]	Physical Colloidal Flocculation	Hyaluronic acid, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, and micronized tissue ECM	20 mm crosshatched parallel plate, 500 μm gap	Thinning	<5 mins	~100 to 1000
Dumas et al.[84]	Chemical Reaction	Lysine-derived polyurethane and bone particles	25 mm parallel plate, 1000 μm gap	Thinning		2.1
Fakhari et al. [68]	Physical Entanglement	Hyaluronic acid nanoparticles	20 mm cone and plate (2°)	Thinning		~500 to 2300
Gaharwar et al. [78]	Physical Charge	Gelatin and silicate nanoplatelets	Static Tests: 25 mm Parallel Plate, 500 μm gap Transient Tests: 25 mm Cone and Plate (1°)	Thinning	<10 s	2 to 89
Geisler et al.[64]	Physical Peptide Interactions	Peptide (VKVKVKVKVKV-NH2)	25 mm parallel plate, 500 nm gap	Thinning	Immediate
Glassman et al.[65]	Physical Peptide Interactions	Protein-polymer triblock copolymer	25 mm sandblasted cone and plate (1°)	Thinning		~9000
Hao et al.[77]	Physical Entanglement	Hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide and sodium oleate micelles	40 mm cone and plate (1°)		<10 s
Li et al. [149]	Chemical Reaction	Glycol-chitosan and dibenzaldehyde-terminated polyethylene-glycol	20 mm parallel plate		40 to 84 min
Liu et al.[124]	Chemical Reaction	Catechol-modified PEG and Laponite			Immediate
Montalbano et al.[150]	Physical Entanglement	Collagen and strontium glass particles	20 mm parallel plate, 500–1000 μm gap	Thinning	<100 s	2.18
Mouser et al.[112]	Combinational Entanglement and Photoinitiated	gelatin-methacryloyl and gellan gum	20 mm cone and plate (1°)	Thinning		0.13 to 48.2
Olsen et al.[79]	Physical Peptide Interactions	Telechelic proteins with coiled-coil endblocks and flexible polyelectrolyte midblocks	25 mm cone and plate	Thinning	<10 s	~1400
Paxton et al.[111]	Physical Entanglement (poloxamer) and Charge (alginate)	Poloxamer 407, alginate, and alginate/gelatine	25 mm parallel plate, 500 μm gap	Thinning	<200 s	166 to 348
Ribeiro et al.[98]	Physical Entanglement	Poloxamer 407 and PEG	40 mm cone and plate (2°), 54 μm gap	Thinning		~100 to 400
Rughani et al.[146]	Combinational Peptide Interactions and Photoinitiated	Self-assembling p-hairpin peptide incorporating non-natural sorbamide residues	25 mm parallel plate, 500 μm gap	Thinning	<2 h
Samaniuk et al.[48]	-	Mayonnaise	25.4 mm diameter, 150 mm long vane rheometer	-	-	~200
	-	Play-Doh		-	-	~3000
Townsend et al.[83]	Physical Colloidal Flocculation	Hyaluronic acid, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, and micronized tissue ECM	20 mm crosshatched parallel plate, 500 μm gap	Thinning		~100 to 550
Tsaryk et al.[69]	Physical Entanglement	Collagen and hyaluronic acid semi-interpenetrating network loaded with gelatin microspheres	15 mm crosshatched parallel plate, 1000 μm gap	Thinning
Vulpe et al.[151]	Chemical Reaction	Collagen, hyaluronan, and sericin	Concentric cylinder geometry	Thinning
Wang et al.[26]	Physical Charge	Cationic and anionic gelatin nanospheres	20 mm parallel plate, 500 μm gap	Thinning	<1 min
Wilson et al.[108]	Physical Entanglement and Charge	Nanosilicates and kappa-cerrageenan	40 mm parallel plate, 200 μm gap	Thinning	<5 s	4.2 to 33
Yavvari et al.[145]	Physical Charge	Catechol-modified chitosan and Fe(III)	25 mm cone and plate (1°), 50 μm gap		Immediate