3. Other first‐line chemotherapy regimens described.

Drug	Study	Comment
Intravenous (IV) methotrexate (100, 150, or 300 mg/m²) with folinic acid rescue 24 hours later, repeated weekly	Bagshawe 1976	The original Bagshawe regimen.
Bolus (100 mg/m² IV or IM) and 12‐hour continuous methotrexate infusion (200 mg/m²) with folinic acid rescue 24 hours later, repeated fortnightly	Garrett 2002
Combined 5‐day methotrexate (day 1 to 5) and 5‐day actinomycin D (day 15 to 19), repeated every 28 days	Abrao 2008; Smith 1975; Rose 1989	Associated with a high incidence of toxicity.
High‐dose methotrexate (600 mg/m²)	Elit 1994	Did not effect a higher cure than other methotrexate regimens.
Etoposide (oral and parenteral)	Hitchins 1988; Wong 1984; Wong 1986; Baptista 2012	Reported to be highly effective but not widely used for low‐risk GTN due to the high risk of side‐effects, particularly alopecia.
Fluorouracil	Sung 1984; Song 1998	Used in China for several decades, mainly because of its low cost, but is not favoured elsewhere.
Intra‐lesional methotrexate infusion	Su 2001	Not favoured in Europe or North America.
Chinese preparations	Wang 1998	Not favoured in Europe or North America.

GTN = gestational trophoblastic neoplasia