Table A3.
Sensitivity analysis (+/− 14-day window)*: Characteristics of long-stay residents (≥90 days) upon admission by nursing home overall star rating (n = 115,058)
| Overall star rating | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 star n=15,531 |
2 stars n=25,907 |
3 stars n=23,262 |
4 stars n=29,819 |
5 stars n=20,539 |
|
| (%) | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| <65 | 19.6 | 17.4 | 13.8 | 10.4 | 9.1 |
| 65–<75 | 16.9 | 16.3 | 15.1 | 13.3 | 11.7 |
| 75–<85 | 28.2 | 28.9 | 28.8 | 30.1 | 28.2 |
| 85+ | 35.3 | 37.5 | 42.3 | 46.2 | 51.0 |
| Women | 56.8 | 57.2 | 59.7 | 61.9 | 63.7 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 70.8 | 68.9 | 74.0 | 78.4 | 79.5 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 20.5 | 20.9 | 16.9 | 13.3 | 11.3 |
| Hispanic | 6.0 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Other | 2.8 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.2 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Never married | 19.4 | 20.8 | 17.4 | 14.6 | 14.7 |
| Married | 24.3 | 24.5 | 25.2 | 25.1 | 25.2 |
| Widowed | 41.6 | 41.8 | 45.2 | 48.8 | 50.3 |
| Divorced/separated | 14.8 | 12.9 | 12.2 | 11.5 | 9.8 |
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||||
| BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 9.4 |
| 18.5 <= BMI < 24.9 kg/m2 | 41.6 | 42.4 | 42.3 | 42.9 | 44.4 |
| 24.9 <= BMI < 29.9 kg/m2 | 25.5 | 25.6 | 26.6 | 27.0 | 26.9 |
| BMI >= 29.9 kg/m2 | 22.6 | 21.8 | 21.3 | 20.7 | 19.3 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Anxiety | 13.3 | 12.4 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12.0 |
| Arthritis | 20.6 | 21.4 | 22.8 | 24.9 | 26.2 |
| Diabetes | 34.1 | 33.5 | 32.4 | 31.0 | 28.9 |
| Hypertension | 72.7 | 72.9 | 73.0 | 74.0 | 74.2 |
| Cancer | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 7.3 |
| Stroke | 16.9 | 16.4 | 15.8 | 15.4 | 15.2 |
| Congestive heart failure | 17.7 | 17.8 | 18.5 | 19.1 | 18.9 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 18.2 | 17.9 | 17.5 | 17.7 | 16.4 |
| Dementia | 30.6 | 31.2 | 31.4 | 32.9 | 33.4 |
| Alzheimer’s Disease | 10.0 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 10.8 | 10.8 |
| Parkinson’s Disease | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
| Number of comorbidities: 3 or more | 46.7 | 46.4 | 47.0 | 48.3 | 47.5 |
| Physical functioning† | |||||
| Minimal ADL limitation | 18.0 | 16.8 | 15.8 | 15.8 | 14.2 |
| Moderate ADL limitation | 52.4 | 54.3 | 55.7 | 56.7 | 56.8 |
| Severe ADL limitation | 29.6 | 28.9 | 28.5 | 27.5 | 29.1 |
| Cognitive function‡ | |||||
| Intact | 35.3 | 36.1 | 35.4 | 35.1 | 35.1 |
| Mild impairment | 23.8 | 23.9 | 24.5 | 24.9 | 24.6 |
| Moderate impairment | 32.9 | 32.2 | 32.4 | 33.2 | 32.8 |
| Severe impairment | 8.1 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 7.6 |
| Any presence of pain | 42.0 | 41.8 | 42.8 | 43.4 | 41.7 |
| Nursing home ownership | |||||
| For-profit | 83.7 | 75.6 | 74.2 | 67.9 | 59.5 |
| Non-profit | 12.3 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 25.7 | 34.2 |
| Government-owned | 4.1 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.3 |
| Nursing home size (beds) | |||||
| Quartile 1 (low): <70 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 10.2 | 14.7 | 20.3 |
| Quartile 2:70 – <101 | 18.3 | 18.4 | 19.3 | 21.8 | 22.3 |
| Quartile 3: 101 – <131 | 28.1 | 26.0 | 27.1 | 26.3 | 23.7 |
| Quartile 4 (high): 131 or more | 47.5 | 48.4 | 43.4 | 37.2 | 33.7 |
| Nursing home occupancy rate | |||||
| Quartile 1 (low): <77.0% | 25.8 | 23.1 | 21.2 | 17.5 | 14.8 |
| Quartile 2: 77– <87.4% | 26.2 | 26.2 | 25.9 | 24.1 | 22.1 |
| Quartile 3: 87.4% – <93.6% | 27.6 | 27.0 | 27.1 | 28.9 | 28.4 |
| Quartile 4 (high): 93.6% or higher | 20.4 | 23.7 | 25.8 | 29.5 | 34.7 |
| Region | |||||
| Northeast | 20.2 | 22.3 | 22.9 | 23.4 | 26.6 |
| Midwest | 25.2 | 26.5 | 26.9 | 27.8 | 26.5 |
| South | 39.7 | 34.2 | 33.7 | 32.2 | 28.5 |
| West | 14.9 | 17.0 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 18.4 |
| Rural | 76.4 | 80.7 | 77.3 | 76.0 | 79.7 |
Note:
*
Sensitivity analysis: Residents’ 90-day assessment was identified as the assessment (quarterly/annual/SCSA) closest to 90 days after admission within a +/−14-day window.
†
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) self-performance hierarchy scale: minimal (0–2), moderate (3–4) and severe ADL limitations (5–6).
‡
Cognitive Function Scale (CFS): intact (Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS): 13–15), mildly impaired (BIMS: 8–12 or Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS): 0–2), moderately impaired (BIMS 0–7/CPS 3–4) and severely impaired (CPS 5–6).