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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Menopause. 2019 Oct;26(10):1117–1124. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001382

Table 3:

Association (HR 95% CI) between personality traits and stroke in women with diabetes.

Model a Model b Model c
Cases HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI)
Optimism 157
 1 Reference Reference Reference
 2 145 1.04 (0.83–1.30) 1.04 (0.83–1.30) 1.10 (0.87–1.38)
 3 214 0.92 (0.75–1.13) 0.92 (0.75–1.13) 0.97 (0.79–1.20)
 4 129 0.84 (0.67–1.07) 0.84 (0.66–1.07) 0.90 (0.70–1.14)
P-value for trend 0.10 0.09 0.23
Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness (AEE) 160
 1 Reference Reference Reference
 2 207 0.93 (0.76–1.14) 0.93 (0.76–1.14) 0.92 (0.75–1.13)
 3 115 1.01 (0.80–1.28) 1.01 (0.80–1.28) 1.02 (0.81–1.30)
 4 163 1.14 (0.92–1.42) 1.15 (0.92–1.42) 1.12 (0.90–1.40)
p-value for trend 0.13 0.13 0.17
Negative Emotional Expressiveness (NEE) 151
 1 Reference Reference Reference
 2 171 0.95 (0.77–1.18) 0.95 (0.77–1.18) 0.99 (0.80–1.23)
 3 189 0.90 (0.73–1.10) 0.89 (0.73–1.10) 0.91 (0.74–1.13)
 4 134 0.99 (0.79–1.24) 0.99 (0.79–1.24) 1.02 (0.81–1.29)
p-value for trend 0.71 0.71 0.89
Hostility 122
 1 Reference Reference Reference
 2 143 0.97 (0.77–1.24) 0.97 (0.77–1.24) 0.97 (0.76–1.23)
 3 225 1.13 (0.91–1.41) 1.13 (0.91–1.41) 1.13 (0.91–1.42)
 4 155 1.18 (0.92–1.49) 1.18 (0.92–1.50) 1.14 (0.89–1.45)
p-value for trend 0.11 0.12 0.20
a

adjusted for age at baseline, race/ethnicity (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, Black or African-American, Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic white, and other), education (high school or less, some college/technical training, college or some post-college, and master or higher), family history of stroke (no, yes), hypertension never, currently untreated, currently treated), high cholesterol requiring pills ever (no, yes), and different study cohorts (participation in OS or CTs, and different treatment assignments for all three CTs), atrial fibrillation, prior hormone use

b

further adjusted for depressive symptoms,

c

further adjusted for BMI, WHR, smoking (never, former, current), alcohol intake (non-drinker, past drinker, current and <7 drinks/week, current and ≥7 drinks/week), physical activity (<5, 5-<10, 10-<20, 20-<30, 30+ Metabolic equivalent (METs)/week), and quality of diet (quartile)