Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the sample
| Baseline characteristics | Included n= 112 | Missing n=17 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 80.9 (5.8) | 82.4 (4.1) | 0.210 |
| Woman, % (n) | 67.9 (76) | 88.2 (15) | 0.086 |
| Barthel index a, median (IQR) | 95 (90–100) | 95 (85–100) | 0.494 |
| Lawton index b, median (IQR) | 6 (4–8) | 7 (4–8) | 0.617 |
| Lives alone, % (n) | 42.0 (47) | 64.7 (11) | 0.079 |
| Education, % (n) | |||
| Illiterate | 4.5 (5) | 12.5 (2) | 0.131 |
| Primary school | 32.1 (36) | 50.0 (8) | |
| Secondary school | 49.1 (55) | 37.5 (6) | |
| University degree | 14.3 (16) | 0 (0) | |
| Adequate physical activity c, % (n) | 38.4 (43) | 23.5 (4) | 0.235 |
| Falls in the last year, % (n) | 34.8 (39) | 41.2 (7) | 0.610 |
| Malnutrition risk d, % (n) | |||
| Normal nutrition status | 61.6 (69) | 76.5 (13) | 0.209 |
| At risk of malnutrition | 36.6 (41) | 17.7 (3) | |
| Malnourished | 1.8 (2) | 5.8 (1) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–4) | 0.052 |
| Previous diagnosis of cognitive impairment, % (n) | 18.8 (21) | 25.0 (4) | 0.483 |
| Number of drugs, median (IQR) | 7 (5–9) | 9 (6–10) | 0.171 |
| Gerontopôle FST positive, % (n) | 94.6 (106) | 100 (17) | 0.328 |
| Clinical Frail Scale - vulnerable or any frailty degree, % (n) | 63.4 (71) | 64.7 (11) | 0.917 |
| SPPB e, mean (SD) | 7.48 (2.12) | 7.18 (2.60) | 0.650 |
| Gait speed, mean (SD) | 0.71 (0.20) | 0.67 (0.20) | 0.486 |
| Chair stand test, mean (SD) | 22.40 (13.67) | 24.52 (18.20) | 0.898 |
| Balance impairment, % (n) | 43.8 (49) | 58.8 (10) | 0.245 |
| Physical activity sessions, mean (SD) | 9.2 (1.9) | 5.4 (3.1) | <0.001 |
IQR: interquartile range, SD: standard deviation. Student’s t-test or the Mann-Whitney U-test were used for continuous variables as appropriated and Chi-square test for categorical. a. Independence for activities of daily living, range from 0–100. b. Independence for instrumental activities of daily living, range from 0–8. c. At least 30 min of physical activity 3 times/ week (based on WHO recommendation). d. Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short form score: 8–11 points. e. Short Physical Performance Battery, range from 0–14