Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of 35,767 EPIC-NL cohort participants per tertile of meat-derived total fat intake (in % of total energy intake minus energy from alcohol)
| En% of meat-derived total fat | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (< 4.7) | T2 (4.7–7.6) | T3 (7.6–51.2) | |
| Participants (n) | 11,922 | 11,923 | 11,922 |
| Women (%) | 82.0 | 73.1 | 69.4 |
| Age (years) | 50 ± 12 | 49 ± 12 | 49 ± 11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 3.7 | 25.7 ± 3.9 | 26.5 ± 4.1 |
| WHR | 0.80 ± 0.08 | 0.82 ± 0.09 | 0.84 ± 0.09 |
| High education levela (%) | 27.3 | 19.9 | 13.8 |
| Light alcohol consumption b (%) | 54.6 | 48.7 | 46.0 |
| Physically active (%) | 43.1 | 42.9 | 40.0 |
| Smoking | |||
| Former smoker (%) | 31.9 | 31.2 | 30.6 |
| Current smoker (%) | 21.6 | 29.5 | 35.5 |
| Hypertension (%) | 34.4 | 36.5 | 39.4 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 7.2 | 7.5 | 8.8 |
| Type 2 diabetes (%) | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.7 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1991 ± 601 | 2111 ± 611 | 2059 ± 600 |
| Dairy products (g/day) | 496 ± 309 | 447 ± 273 | 361 ± 246 |
| Dairy fat (en%/day) | |||
| Total fat | 8.8 ± 3.8 | 7.6 ± 3.2 | 6.8 ± 3.2 |
| SFA | 5.7 ± 2.4 | 4.9 ± 2.0 | 4.4 ± 2.0 |
| MUFA | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.0 |
| PUFA | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 |
| Meat products (g/day) | 58 ± 33 | 112 ± 36 | 153 ± 50 |
| Meat fat (en%/day) | |||
| Total fat | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 10.4 ± 2.6 |
| SFA | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 1.0 |
| MUFA | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 1.2 |
| PUFA | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
| Protein (en%/day) | 15.4 ± 2.4 | 16.1 ± 2.3 | 16.8 ± 2.4 |
| Carbohydrates (en%/day) | 49.8 ± 5.4 | 47.1 ± 4.8 | 43.7 ± 5.1 |
| Fat (en%/day) | 34.8 ± 5.3 | 36.8 ± 4.7 | 39.5 ± 4.8 |
| Trans fat (en%/day) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.5 |
| Soft drinks (ml/day) | 88 ± 128 | 105 ± 135 | 108 ± 145 |
| Fruit and vegetables (g/day) | 440 ± 198 | 398 ± 176 | 356 ± 168 |
| Fish (g/day) | 11 ± 13 | 10 ± 10 | 9 ± 9 |
| Nuts and seeds (g/day) | 8 ± 13 | 7 ± 11 | 5 ± 9 |
| Coffee and tea (ml/day) | 848 ± 362 | 848 ± 345 | 855 ± 361 |
| Cholesterolc (mg/day) | 195 ± 57 | 218 ± 53 | 241 ± 56 |
| Fibrec (g/day) | 24 ± 5 | 23 ± 5 | 22 ± 5 |
Data is presented as mean ± SD or as percentage
WHR waist-to-hip ratio, En% percentage of total energy intake, MUFA mono-unsaturated fatty acid, PUFA poly-unsaturated fatty acid, SFA saturated fatty acid
aHigher vocational education and university
b< 4.9 g of alcohol per day
cEnergy adjusted