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. 2019 Sep 24;10:1077. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01077

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Copyright © 2019 Liu, Stover, Sivanenthiran, Chow, Cheng, Liu, Lim, Wu, Weaver, Eubanks, Song and Zhang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Distances and latency Measures in the MWM test. (A) A schematic layout of the MWM protocol. The visible and hidden platform trials consisted of four trials per day and maximal 90 s per trial. The probe tests were one trial per day and 60 s per trial with the platform removed. Data in (B, E) (means ± SEM) were collected from 12 extended kindled mice and 12 handling control mice. (B, C) Distances and latencies needed to reach the platform. There were significant group differences in the distance and latency measures during the visible and hidden platform trials. (D) Swim speeds measured during the visible and hidden platform trials. There were no significant group differences in these measures. (E) Crosses of the platform location during the first and second probe test. The kindled mice crossed the platform location significantly less frequently (denoted by *) than the control mice.