Table 1.
Summary of macrophage-derived Wnt ligands and their relevance in homeostasis and different pathologies.
| Macrophage-derived Wnt ligand | Relevance | References |
|---|---|---|
| Wnt1 | Activates EMT and promotes metastasis in breast cancer | (159) |
| M2 (IL4) macrophages act as a source of Wnt1 and promote Wnt signaling in intestinal crypts in IBD | (51) | |
| Hypoxic macrophages impair autophagy in epithelial cells through Wnt1 | (131) | |
| Wnt2b | M2 (IL4) macrophages overexpress Wnt2b in a STAT6-dependent manner and accelerate intestinal wound healing in mice | (52) |
| M2 (CD45+CD64+CD206+CD16+) macrophages act as a source of Wnt2b and promote EMT in CD | (148) | |
| Wnt3a | M2 (IL4) macrophages act as source of Wnt3a | (51) |
| Inhibits proinflammatory cytokine secretion of murine macrophages | (134) | |
| Drives parenquimal regeneration of hepatocytes | (168) | |
| Wnt4 | Restores proliferative defects in post-injury lung epithelial cells produced by TFF2-deficient macrophages | (138) |
| Wnt5a | Enhances the invasiveness of cancer cells in breast cancer | (124) |
| Regulates inflammatory cytokine secretion, polarization, and apoptosis in mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages | (137) | |
| Promotes kidney fibrosis by stimulating Yap/Taz-mediated macrophage M2 polarization | (150) | |
| Wnt5b | Induces tumor progression of breast cancer | (157) |
| Wnt6 | Up-regulated in the colonic mucosa and in CD16+ macrophages of STAT6 knockout mice in an IBD model | (147) |
| Drives macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype | (135) | |
| Wnt7a | M2 (IL4) macrophages act as a source of Wnt7a and promote lung fibrosis | (149) |
| Wnt7b | Induces tumor progression of breast cancer | (157) |
| Promotes cholangiocarcinoma growth | (158) | |
| M2 (IL4) macrophages overexpress Wnt7b in a STAT6-dependent manner and accelerate intestinal wound healing in mice | (52) | |
| Wound-healing macrophages promote tubular epithelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis and kidney repair | (127) | |
| Affects blood vessel formation | (143, 144) | |
| Wnt10b | M2 (IL4) macrophages overexpress Wnt10b in a STAT6-dependent manner and accelerate intestinal wound healing in mice | (52) |
| Wnt16 | Restores the proliferative defect in lung epithelial cells post-injury produced by TFF2-deficient macrophages | (138) |