Figure 2.

Details of methods for the M. ostensackeni/Euderus emergence study. (a) Photograph of an M. ostensackeni gall 1 h after collection, showing both intact chambers (light green circles) and galls from which an insect had emerged prior to the gall's collection (dark circles). Very light tan-coloured circles with a small pinprick of black in the centre are animals that were either actively chewing out of their gall or had stopped chewing and were already ‘head plugs’. (b) Example of notations made across the course of the study. Any changes to the gall were noted daily, such that all emergent animals found in the cup on any given day could be associated with the individual chamber from which they emerged. This particular gall had four Euderus emerge from gall chambers for which chewing (CW) and/or a ‘head plug’ (HP) had previously been observed. Other notation refers to dates of observations, initials of the observer (e.g. ‘RKB’) or the genus of the emergent animal (e.g. ‘Eucer’ for the inquiline Euceroptres); (c) close-up of a ‘head plug’ where a M. ostensackeni galler has chewed a partial hole and then stopped moving; (d) close-up of M. ostensackeni head after emergence of a Euderus parasitoid. (Online version in colour.)