Sanders 2000

Methods	Methodological quality: high 1. Randomisation method: adequate 2. Dropouts: numbers, and reasons in each group were described; intention‐to‐treat analysis performed 3. Outcome assessment: a. Assessors: patients are not blinded to treatment status, partly self‐report b. Measures: clearly defined and valid c. Follow‐up duration: appropriate ‐ 6 months after treatment end 4. Baseline characteristics: reported, and not comparable (discrepancy BDI) 5. Entry criteria: clearly defined
Participants	47 mothers (with children aged 3‐9, meeting DSM‐IV criteria for either conduct disorder or oppositional‐defiant disorder) with DSM‐IV major depressive disorder, recruited from health and welfare agencies and local preschools and elementary schools. Exclusions: subjects who are not able to attend sessions weekly. 6 female therapists, who had or were currently undertaking postgraduate training in clinical psychology and had prior clinical experience with children and families. The therapists followed a manual, training was conducted by the authors, and clinical supervision was provided.
Interventions	RCT to compare two conditions. Both experimental interventions involved 12 sessions of 60‐90 minutes: 8 clinic sessions, 4 feedback sessions at home. T1(n:24) = behavioural family intervention (BFI) ‐ uses didactic teaching, therapist‐guided practice, role‐play, feedback, and coaching to teach behavioural principles and and techniques to parents. T2(n:23) = cognitive behavioural family intervention (CBFI) ‐ the same parenting skills and behaviour management strategies were taught, and cognitive therapy components for the treatment of depression were integrated.
Outcomes	1. Measures a. Sociodemographic Disadvantage Index (SDI) b. Perceived Social Support Inventory (PSSI) c. Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) d. Parent Daily Report (PDR) e. Observational measure: 20‐minutes videotaped observation sessions, coded using the Family Observation Schedule (FOS) f. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) g. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) h. Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) i. Parent Sense of Competence Scale (PSOCS) 2. Follow‐up times Assessments at three occasions: baseline, postintervention (3‐5 months), and at follow‐up (6 months). Both T1 and T2 are associated with clinically significant improvements in overall child disruptive behaviour and maternal distress. T2 is superior to T1 on maternal depression.
Notes	Non‐compliance: T1=5/24, T2=3/23 Withdrawal: T1&T2=2/47 No integrity check
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear