Jorgenson 2000.

Methods	Study conducted in Denmark (presumed single centre)
Participants	120 healthy term parturients consenting to spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section; patients with pre‐eclampsia, arterial hypertension or multiple pregnancy were excluded
Interventions	Warmed saline heated to 37°C (n = 57) Cold saline at 21°C (n = 56) Each participant was infused with 20 mL/kg 15 minutes before spinal, then 10 mL/kg in the 20 minutes after spinal injection
Outcomes	Decrease in core temperature (location measured not specified); discomfort; incidence of shivering; blood pressure; heart rate
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomization was achieved with computer‐generated codes
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Codes were placed in sealed envelopes, which were opened after the participant arrived to the theatre
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	7 participants were withdrawn from the study: 1 because of violation of selection criteria, 2 because of failed spinal anaesthesia and 5 because of protocol violations
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No evidence of this
Other bias	Low risk	None