Oshvandi 2011.

Methods	Single‐centre study in Iran
Participants	62 women undergoing elective caesarean section under general anaesthesia at 37 to 42 weeks of gestation. Average maternal age about 28 years Exclusion criteria: steroids, sedatives, magnesium sulphate, antihypertensive drugs, endocrine or vascular disease, hypertension, fever, ruptured membranes, polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios
Interventions	IV fluid was Ringer's lactate at 25.5°C (n = 31) IV fluid was Ringer's lactate at 37°C (n = 31)
Outcomes	Tympanic temperature as measured by infrared thermometer, measured before anaesthesia and at 15‐minute intervals
Notes	Appears to describe postrandomization exclusion criteria: surgery lasting longer than 1 hour, intraoperative hypotension requiring extra IV fluid, but it is not clear whether any participants were excluded on the basis of these criteria
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"The subjects were randomly assigned to study and control groups"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"The subjects were randomly assigned to study and control groups"
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	".....the subjects were blinded to the study.." and, as the outcome was measured while participants were under general anaesthesia, it is unlikely that the measurement was affected. Personnel were probably aware of the group, but it seems unlikely that this would have introduced bias
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	"...the research coworkers.......were blinded to the study..."; seems to suggest adequate blinding, although it is not explicit that these staff members were measuring the temperature
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No apparent loss to follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No clear evidence that other outcomes were collected
Other bias	Unclear risk	No evidence