Table 1.
Demographic and outcome characteristics of the MONT pilot cohort.
| No. (%) | Supplement usea |
χ2 | df | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 38) | Yes (n = 89) | |||||
| Age group | ||||||
| ⩽24 | 27 (21.2) | 12 (44.4) | 15 (55.6) | 3.537 | 3 | .316 |
| 25–29 | 40 (31.5) | 10 (25.0) | 30 (75.0) | |||
| 30–34 | 39 (30.7) | 10 (25.6) | 29 (74.4) | |||
| ⩾35 | 21 (16.5) | 6 (28.6) | 15 (71.4) | |||
| BMI | ||||||
| Lean (<25 kg/m2) | 73 (57.5) | 18 (24.7) | 55 (75.3) | 1.337 | 1 | .248 |
| Overweight (⩾25 kg/m2) | 50 (39.4) | 18 (36.0) | 32 (64.0) | |||
| Cultural and linguistic diversity (CALD) | ||||||
| No | 91 (71.7) | 23 (25.3) | 68 (74.7) | 2.570 | 1 | .109 |
| Yes | 36 (28.3) | 15 (41.7) | 21 (58.3) | |||
| Income | ||||||
| <50k | 40 (31.5) | 15 (37.5) | 25 (62.5) | 2.638 | 3 | .451 |
| 50–70k | 23 (18.1) | 8 (34.8) | 15 (65.2) | |||
| 70–120k | 34 (26.8) | 8 (23.5) | 26 (76.5) | |||
| >120k | 30 (23.6) | 7 (23.3) | 23 (76.7) | |||
| Education | ||||||
| Did not attend/finish high school | 23 (18.5) | 11 (47.8) | 12 (52.2) | 7.974 | 3 | .047b |
| Finished high school | 34 (26.8) | 13 (38.2) | 21 (61.8) | |||
| TAFE trade or apprenticeship | 22 (17.3) | 4 (18.2) | 18 (81.8) | |||
| University degree | 48 (37.8) | 10 (20.8) | 38 (79.2) | |||
| Parity | ||||||
| Nulliparous | 73 (57.5) | 15 (20.5) | 58 (79.5) | 6.181 | 1 | .013b |
| Multiparous | 54 (42.5) | 23 (42.6) | 31 (57.4) | |||
| Smoker | ||||||
| No | 118 (92.9) | 32 (27.1) | 86 (72.9) | 6.040 | 1 | .014b |
| Yes | 9 (7.1) | 6 (75.0) | 2 (25.0) | |||
| Hypertensive disorders | ||||||
| No | 115 (86.6) | 34 (29.6) | 81 (70.4) | 0.000 | 1 | .000 |
| Yes | 12 (9.4) | 2 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) | |||
| Gestational diabetes | ||||||
| No | 110 (86.6) | 31 (28.2) | 79 (71.8) | 0.647 | 1 | .276 |
| Yes | 17 (13.4) | 7 (41.2) | 10 (58.8) | |||
| Preterm birth (idiopathic) | ||||||
| No | 105 (82.7) | 31 (29.5) | 74 (70.5) | 0.728 | 1 | .394 |
| Yes | 16 (12.6) | 7 (43.8) | 9 (56.2) | |||
| Birth >41 weeks | ||||||
| No | 114 (89.8) | 36 (31.6) | 78 (68.4) | 0.789 | 1 | .374 |
| Yes | 13 (10.2) | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | |||
| Induction of labour (excluding no labour) | ||||||
| No | 54 (42.5) | 17 (31.5) | 37 (68.5) | 0.115 | 1 | .734 |
| Yes | 42 (33.1) | 11 (26.2) | 31 (73.8) | |||
| Low birthweight baby (excluding multiple births) | ||||||
| No | 101 (79.5) | 32 (31.7) | 69 (68.3) | 0.000 | 1 | 1.000 |
| Yes | 19 (15.0) | 6 (31.6) | 13 (68.4) | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CALD, cultural and linguistic diversity; MONT, Maternal Outcomes and Nutrition Tool.
a
Includes multiple and individual micronutrient supplements.
b
Statistically significant.