Table 4. Studies Reporting Changes in Body Composition with GLP-1RA and SGLT2i Combination Therapy.

Drug/author (location)	Study design	No. (in group prescribed SGLT2i+ GLP-1RA therapy)	Population	Dose (all once-daily, unless otherwise specified; SGLT2i taken as oral tablet, GLP-1RA as subcutaneous injection)	Duration, wk	Tech. used	Total BW change, kg (% change from baseline)	FM change	LBM change	Skeletal muscle mass change, kg	Total body water change, kg	Proportion of weight loss from FM, %	Proportion of weight loss from LBM, %
Dapagliflozin+Exenatide
Lundkvist et al. (2017) [67] (Sweden)	Two-arm RCT	16	Obesity and pre-diabetes mellitus	DAPA: 10 mg	52	MRI	−5.7 (−5.4%)	−5.3 La	−1.4 L	NR	NR	-	-
				EXEN: 2 mg weekly
Luseogliflozin+Liraglutide
Seino et al. (2018) [68] (Japan)	Case series (prospective) (sub-study)	22	T2DM	LUSEO: 2.5 mg, titrated up to 5 mg where tolerated and safe (n=17 reached 5 mg dose)	52	BIA	−2.9 (−4.3%)	−2.5 kg	−0.4 kg	NR	NR	86.2	13.8
				LIRA: 0.6 mg (n=1) or 0.9 mg (n=21)

GLP-1RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; BW, body weight; FM, fat mass; LBM, lean body mass; RCT, randomised controlled trial; DAPA, dapagliflozin; EXEN, exenatide; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NR, not reported; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; LUSEO, luseogliflozin; LIRA, liraglutide; BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis.

^aTotal adipose tissue.