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. 2019 Jun 17;19(3):278–289. doi: 10.5230/jgc.2019.19.e22

Table 4. Postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.

Complication Number of cases
Grade II 41
Intra-abdominal infection/pneumonia: antibiotics 24
Tachyarrhythmia 7
Ileus/bowel obstruction: fasting, TPN 4
Acute ischemic stroke 3
Ischemic heart disease 2
Postoperative bleeding: transfusion 1
Grade IIIa 15
Intra-abdominal abscess: percutaneous drainage 10
Anastomosis site bleeding: endoscopic procedure 2
Pleural effusion: thoracostomy 2
Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm: embolization 1
Grade IIIb 4
Bowel evisceration: wound repair under general anesthesia 2
Duodenal stump leakage: explorative laparotomy 1
Pulmonary thromboembolism removal 1
Grade IV 1
EJ anastomosis leakage, bleeding, multi-organ failure: laparotomy, ICU care 1

TPN = total parenteral nutrition; EJ = esophagojejunostomy; ICU = intensive care unit.