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. 2019 Sep 17;20(18):4587. doi: 10.3390/ijms20184587

Figure 5.

Figure 5

ROS were responsible for HG-induced endothelial dysfunction. The HMEC-1 cells were pre-incubated with vaccarin (5 μM) for 12 h or ROS scavenger NAC (500 μM) for 1 h before 35 mM HG incubation for another 48 h. (A) Representative microscopic scans of ROS (magnification ×400). (B) Averaged fluorescence intensity of DCFH-DA. (C) Representative blots showing protein expressions of p-AMPK and p-eNOS in HMEC-1 cells. Bar groups showing that the quantification of p-AMPK/t-AMPK (D) and p-eNOS/t-eNOS (E). Effects of NAC (500 μM) on the miRNA-34a expression (F) and NO generation (G) in response to HG. Values are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. n = 3 for each group in C–E; n = 6 for A; n = 5 for other groups. NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine.