ACPA	Anti-citrullinated protein antibody
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
BDB	3-bromo-4, 5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde
CCL11	CC Chemokine ligand 11
COPD	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CCL-2	Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
CPCs	Circulating progenitor cells
CRP	C-reactive protein
CSF	Cerebrospinal fluid
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
EF	Epimedium total flavonoids
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
EPCs	Endothelial progenitor cells
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
G-MDSCs	Granylocytic-myeloid derived suppressor cells
GPX	Glutathione peroxidase
GSH	Glutathione
Hb	Hemoglobin
HDAC2	Histone deacetylase 2
HSCs	Hematopoietic stem cell
Ica	Icariin
IL-1	Interleukin-1
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
IP-10	Interferon–gamma induced protein 10
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
KCNB1	Voltage-gated potassium (K+) channel sub-family B member 1
KEAP1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
LDL	Low density lipoprotein
LO	Lipoxygenase
LRRK2	Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)
LTL	Leukocyte telomere length
LW	Liuwei Dihuang
LW-AFC	Active fraction combination from Liuwei Dihuang decoction
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MMP	Matrix metalloprotease
MPO	Myeloperoxidase
MS	Multiple sclerosis
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
mtDNA	Mitochondrial DNA
mtROS	Mitochondrial ROS
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B
NLRP3	Pryin domain containing-3 protein
NM	Neuromelanin
NO	Nitric oxide
NOX	NADPH oxidase
NRF2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PFK	Phosphofructokinase
PINK1	PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)
PI3K	Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1alpha
PPP	Pentose phosphate pathway
RA	Rheumatoid arthritis
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SASP	Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SMR	Standardized mortality ratio
SNpc	Substantia nigra pars compacta
STAT3	Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
Th1	T helper cell 1
TIGAR	TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
VCAM-1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
VSMCs	Vascular smooth-muscle cells
XO	Xanthine oxidase
8-iso-PGF2α	8-iso-prostaglandin F2α
8-oxodG	8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanine