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. 2019 Sep 13;20(18):4530. doi: 10.3390/ijms20184530

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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TGCs invade into the uterine stroma during syncytialization. (A,B) Double immunofluorescence staining for SHMT2 (serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2; green) and PSPH (phosphoserine phosphatase; red) at implantation sites on day 18 of pregnancy. SHMT2-positive trophoblast cells are shown penetrating the PSPH-stained LE layer (yellow arrow head). (C) Immunofluorescence staining for SHMT2 at implantation sites on day 18 of pregnancy. SHMT2-positive trophoblast cells were detected within the uterine stroma by day 18 of gestation (yellow arrow heads). Tr, trophoblast cells; LE, luminal epithelium; D, day; P, pregnancy. The width of field for the microscopic images is 140 μm.