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. 2019 Sep 2;11(9):2047. doi: 10.3390/nu11092047

Table 1.

PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome) strategy and central seekers for regular studies.

Target Description Operator Uniterms
Population Healthy adults practicing physical activity -- physical activity; physical exercise; training; exercise; coaching; resistance training; resistance exercise; gym; fitness; crossfit; weight lifting; non-sedentary; athlete.
AND + NOT/AND NOT child; pediatric; elder; aged; rat; mice.
Intervention Whey protein supplementation (concentrated, hydrolyzed, and isolated) AND whey protein; whey; protein supplementation; whey supplementation; casein; casein supplementation; whey intake; casein intake; protein intake; whey concentrate; casein concentrate; concentrate protein; whey isolated; casein isolated; isolated protein; hydrolyzed whey; hydrolyzed casein; hydrolyzed protein; milk; milk protein; soy; soy protein.
Comparator Randomized clinical trials AND controlled clinical trial; clinical trial; randomized clinical trial; group control; placebo; comparative study; cross-over; crossover; cross over; double-blind; factorial.
Outcome Body composition related to hypertrophy AND muscle; mass gain; muscle gain; muscular gain; muscle strength; muscular strength; hypertrophy; lean mass; body composition; lean body mass; lean body tissue; fat-free mass; fat free mass; body weight; body mass; skeletal muscle.