. 2019 Sep 2;11(9):2047. doi: 10.3390/nu11092047

Table 2.

Methodological characteristics of RCTs.

RCT	Country	Age (Years) (Minimum-Maximum)	Physical Activity Level *	Trainings per Week (Mean) **	Body Composition Measurement Method	Dose of WP (g·kg⁻¹)	Nutritional Intervention	n (M:F)
Burke et al. [31]	Canada	18–31	Regular	4	DXA	1.2	WPI	10:0
Burke et al. [31]	Canada	18–31	Regular	4	DXA	1.2	Maltodextrin	5:0
Cribb et al. [32]	Australia	18–31	Regular	4	DXA	1.28	WPI	5:0
Cribb et al. [32]	Australia	18–31	Regular	4	DXA	1.28	Non-specific carbohydrate	7:0
Herda et al. [33]	USA	18.5–23.9	Regular	3	Hydrostatic Weighing	0.25	WPC	22:0
Herda et al. [33]	USA	18.5–23.9	Regular	3	Hydrostatic Weighing	0.25	Maltodextrin	21:0
Hulmi et al. [34]	Finland	33.1–35.7	Sporadic	2.5	DXA	0.35	WPC	22:0
Hulmi et al. [34]	Finland	33.1–35.7	Sporadic	2.5	DXA	0.35	Maltodextrin	21:0
Lockwood et al. [35]	USA	18–35	Regular	2	DXA	0.37	WPC	13:0
							Dextrose	15:0
							WPH	13:0
							Dextrose	15:0
Naclerio et al. [36]	USA	22–34	Regular	5	Plethysmography	0.26	WPI	8:0
Naclerio et al. [36]	USA	22–34	Regular	5	Plethysmography	0.26	Non-specific carbohydrate	8:0
Naclerio et al. [37]	USA	36.4–54.2	Athlete	3	Plethysmography	0.24	WPI	8:0
Naclerio et al. [37]	USA	36.4–54.2	Athlete	3	Plethysmography	0.24	Non-specific carbohydrate	8:0
Reidy et al. [38]	USA	18–30	Sporadic	3	DXA	0.27	WPI	22:0
Reidy et al. [38]	USA	18–30	Sporadic	3	DXA	0.27	Maltodextrin	23:0
Taylor et al. [39] ***	USA	18–24	Athlete	4	DXA	0.36	WPC	0:8
Taylor et al. [39] ***	USA	18–24	Athlete	4	DXA	0.36	Maltodextrin	0:6
Volek et al. [40] ***	USA	19.1–26.9	Sporadic	2.5	DXA	0.24	WPC	13:6
Volek et al. [40] ***	USA	19.1–26.9	Sporadic	2.5	DXA	0.24	Maltodextrin	13:9

* According to the criteria adopted for individuals prior to their entry into each study. ** During the application of the intervention protocol for all groups. *** Study included in qualitative analysis only. M: male. F: female. RCT: Randomized clinical trial. WP: whey protein. WPC: concentrate whey protein. WPH: hydrolyzed whey protein. WPI: isolated whey protein.