Effects of djulis on p53 (a), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (b), Bax (c), Bcl-2 (d), Bax/Bcl-2 (e), and caspase-9 (f) expressions of the distal colon mucosa of male F344 rats. The bar represents the mean ± SD (n = 3–5). Bars with the different letter are significantly different from one another as determined by a one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple-range test, p < 0.05. All rats except those in group N were administered 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH). N, AIN-93G diet; DMH, AIN-93G diet; LD, AIN-93G diet containing 5% djulis; MD, AIN-93G diet containing 10% djulis; HD, AIN-93G diet containing 20% djulis.