Table 1.
Summary of selected studies
| Study ID | Patients | Controls | Age | γδ+ IEL (%) | CD3− IEL (%) | Accuracy of Increased TCR γδ+ | Accuracy of Coeliac Lymphogram | N. of Subjects with Abnormal Tests |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Camarero 2000 [15] | 40 CD plus 14 CD on GFD |
59 non-CD (dyspepsia, diarrhea, H. pylori gastritis) (55 normal histology and 4 enteropathy) | 0–18 y | CD Patients: 28 ± 13% (SD) Controls: Mean, 8%; median 5.5% (P10–90: 2.4–21%) P < 0.01 |
CD patients: 4.9 ± 7.9% (SD) Controls: Mean, 42%; median, 47% (14.4–67.3%) P < 0.01 |
Not available (N.A.) | S, 94.4%; Sp, 95% (using an equation derived from a logistic regression analysis) |
CD lymphogram: 51/54 CD 3/59 controls |
| Calleja 2011 [14] | 66 CD |
112 non-CD (dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, iron deficiency anemia) with normal histology and negative serology | Children (median age, 5 y, 1 to 14) and adults (median age, 42 y, 15 to 73) | CD patients: 29 ± 1.4% (SEM) Controls: 5.3 ± 0.4% (SEM) P < 0.001 |
CD patients: 5.6 ± 1.4% (SEM) Controls: 23.1 ± 1% (SEM) P < 0.001 |
S, 97%; Sp, 95.5% |
S, 88%; Sp, 100% | Increase in γδ+: 64/66 CD 5/112 controls CD lymphogram: 58/66 CD 0/112 controls |
| Fernández-Bañares 2014 [24] | 50 CD plus 12 potential CD |
23 non-CD (8 non-CD atrophy plus 15 H. pylori lymphocytic enteritis) |
Children and adults (mean age, 29 y) | CD patients: Median, 23% (P25–75: 19–33) Potential CD: Median, 34% (20–37%) Controls: Median, 5% (4–7%) P < 0.001 |
CD patients: Median, 4% (2–6%) Potential CD: Median, 6% (4–8%) Controls: Median, 22% (15–30%) P < 0.001 |
S, 97%; Sp, 91% |
S, 85%; Sp, 100% | Increase in γδ+: 60/62 CD 2/23 controls CD lymphogram: 53/62 CD 0/23 controls |
| Valle 2017 [25] | 161 CD | 147 non-CD (negative serology, no atrophy) |
95 children (median age 7 y, 0 to 13) and 66 adults (median age 34 y, 14 to 74) | CD patients: Median, 27% (P25–75: 2–62%) Controls: Median 5%, (0–22%) P < 0.001 |
CD patients: Median, 2% (0–8%) Controls: Median, 20% (1–90%) P < 0.001 |
NA | Children: S, 96%; Sp, 95% Adults: S, 89%; Sp, 96% |
CD lymphogram: Children: 91/95 CD; 1/22 controls Adults: 59/66 CD; 5/125 controls |
| Saborido 2018 [26] | 81 CD | 10 non-CD (symptoms of CD, antigliadin antibodies (AGA)+, normal histology, negativization of AGA and symptom resolution on follow-up) | Children; median age, 5 y (1 to 16) | CD patients: Mean, 32.9 ± 13.2% (SD) Controls: Mean, 7.5 ± 9.8% P < 0.001 |
CD patients: 3.7 ± 8.8% (SD) Controls: 42.4 ± 17.6% P < 0.001 |
S, 99%; Sp, 90% |
S, 96%; Sp, 100% | Increase in γδ+: 80/81 CD 1/10 controls CD lymphogram: 78/81 CD 0/10 controls |
| Nijeboer 2019 [27] | 95 CD plus 118 CD on GFD |
89 non-CD (symptoms of CD, negative serology and normal histology) | Adults; median age, 53 y (14 to 81) |
CD patients: Median, 18.5% (range, 1–58) Controls: Median, 6% (1–15) P < 0.001 |
N.A. | S, 66.3%; Sp, 96.6% | N.A. | Increase in γδ+: 67/95 CD 3/89 controls |