Figure 6.
Ginsenoside Rb1 confers protection against PM2.5-induced apoptosis. (a) Cells were pre-treated with ginsenoside Rb1 for 1 h, followed by treatment with PM2.5 (50 μg/mL) for 24 h, and then analyzed for apoptotic body formation by Hoechst 33342 staining. Apoptotic bodies are indicated by arrows. *,** p < 0.05 compared to the control groups of both HaCaT and NHDF cells, respectively; #,## p < 0.05 compared to PM2.5-treated groups of both HaCaT and NHDF cells, respectively. (b) HaCaT cell lysates were analyzed for the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 by western blotting; actin was used as a loading control. (c) The expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP was also analyzed; actin was used as a loading control.