Table 3.
Potential advantages and clinical applicability of sensitive microchimerism detection in allo-HSCT based selected papers.
| First Author | Year | Country | n | Marker * | Clinical Utility of Microchimerism Detection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jiménez- Velasco [13] |
2005 | Spain | 61 | VNTR, DIP | qPCR superior to FA in relapse prediction: 88% vs. 44%, 20 days prior FA; rising host chimerism kinetics in relapse |
| Koldehoff [105] | 2006 | Germany | 269 | STR, SNP, FISH XYSRY |
qPCR superior to PAGE in relapse prediction: 90 days earlier; adverse overall survival in rising kinetics; SRY qPCR superior to XY FISH in relapse prediction: 86% vs. 28%, 143 days prior relapse |
| Wiedermann [107] | 2010 | Germany | 75 | DIP, SRY | rising host chimerism kinetics in relapse |
| Chen [27] |
2011 | Taiwan | 126 | STR, DIP | qPCR superior to FA in relapse prediction |
| Horky [96] | 2011 | Czech | 46 | STR, DIP | qPCR superior to FA in relapse prediction: 87% vs. 39%, 26 days prior FA. |
| Bach [44] | 2015 | Germany | 16 | STR, DIP | qPCR superior to FA in relapse prediction: 95 days earlier |
| Jacque [28] | 2015 | France | 85 | DIP | stable qPCR complete chimerism = negative predictor for relapse; rising host chimerism kinetics in relapse |
| Vicente [106] | 2016 | Brazil | 41 | DIP | early rising host chimerism kinetics in relapse |
| Ahci [34] | 2017 | Germany | 30 | STR, DIP | qPCR superior to FA in relapse prediction: 100% vs. 38%, 6 months prior relapse; rising or sustained host chimerism kinetics in relapse |
| Waterhouse [108] | 2017 | Germany | 155 | STR, SRY | dPCR superior to FA in relapse prediction: 90 days earlier |
| Cechova [94] | 2018 | Czech | 474 | STR, DIP | adverse overall survival in microchimerism compared to complete donor chimerism |
| Sellmann [103] | 2018 | Germany | 71 | DIP | stable qPCR complete chimerism = negative predictor for relapse; rising host chimerism positive predictor for relapse |
| Waterhouse [29] | 2018 | Germany | 70 | DIP, MRD | similar kinetics for chimerism and MRD |
| Tyler [37] |
2019 | USA | 230 | STR, DIP | combined STR-FA and DIP-qPCR in diagnostic algorithm; qPCR is more sensitive than FA |
| Valero-Garcia [35] | 2019 | Spain | 28 | DIP | dPCR superior to qPCR in relapse prediction |
* STR, VNTR markers were tested with FA or PAGE; DIP, SNP, and SRY were tested with qPCR or dPCR. Legend: Original in extenso studies were included if clinical outcome of allo-HSCT (relapse, survival measures) was indicated in connection with chimerism levels below 1%. Studies are listed according to year published. Abbreviations: DIP: deletion-insertion polymorphism; FA: fragment analysis; FISH: fluorescence in situ hybridization; MRD: measurable residual disease; PAGE: poly-acrilamid gel-electrophoresis; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; SRY: sex determining region Y; STR: short tandem repeat; VNTR: variable number tandem repeat.