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. 2019 Aug 21;8(9):327. doi: 10.3390/antiox8090327

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Activation of caspases and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by genistein in T24 cells. (A,B) The cells were stimulated with different concentrations of genistein. After 48 h, the expression of caspases, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family were determined. (C) The activities of caspases were examined using colorimetric caspase assay kits. (D) The cells were pre-treated with 50 μM N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk), a pan-caspase inhibitor, for 1 h and then cultured in the presence or absence of 160 μM genistein for 48 h, and then, the cell viability was assessed (*** p < 0.0001 compared to control; ^### p < 0.0001 compared to genistein-treated cells).