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. 2019 Aug 21;8(9):327. doi: 10.3390/antiox8090327

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria dysfunction by genistein in T24 cells. (A–C) The cells were stimulated with 160 μM genistein for the indicated times or incubated with or without 160 μM genistein for 1 h before treatment with 10 mM N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) for 1 h. Intracellular ROS generation was assessed by a flow cytometer. (C) Each bar expressed as the fluorescence intensity of DCF-DA dye (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001 and *** p < 0.0001 compared to control; ### p < 0.0001 compared to genistein-treated cells). (D–F) The cells were stimulated with 160 μM genistein for 48 h with or without NAC. (D) The expression of PI3K and Akt proteins was evaluated by immunoblotting using the indicated antibodies. (E,F) Effect of NAC on the genistein-induced loss of MMP was evaluated (mean ± SD of triplicate determinations, *** p < 0.0001, when compared to control; ### p < 0.001, when compared to genistein-treated cells).