Table 1.

Effect of steam explosion treatment on the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of five byproduct feedstuffs (DM basis, expressed as %).

Item 1	Treatment 2	DM	NDF	ADF	ADL	CP	EE	Ash	48 h IVDMD
CAR	Raw	96.42	68.51	54.27	12.71	13.31	1.86	15.87	26.17
	Steam explosion	99.62	58.48	52.18	15.46	13.82	2.33	15.86	34.56
	SEM 3	0.107	0.107	0.126	0.116	0.164	0.092	0.154	0.169
	p-Value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.003	0.004	0.103	0.981	<0.001
DG	Raw	95.44	54.99	40.49	13.66	15.30	3.83	10.46	30.82
	Steam explosion	95.48	44.52	36.27	11.36	16.84	4.34	10.86	40.19
	SEM	0.093	0.32	0.186	0.178	0.053	0.127	0.152	0.198
	p-Value	0.777	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	0.002	0.186	<0.001
CM	Raw	89.32	40.76	27.63	9.66	42.46	0.85	9.83	33.60
	Steam explosion	94.19	42.88	26.00	8.90	41.14	0.79	10.4	36.94
	SEM	0.045	0.518	0.218	0.136	0.233	0.046	0.24	0.28
	p-Value	<0.001	0.173	0.007	0.039	0.07	0.454	0.05	<0.001
RM	Raw	90.99	65.70	41.62	17.51	43.22	0.59	7.16	28.96
	Steam explosion	94.90	64.62	41.11	17.9	43.48	0.83	8.79	33.81
	SEM	0.129	0.03	0.178	0.105	0.05	0.035	0.013	0.176
	p-Value	<0.001	0.002	0.029	0.19	0.092	0.049	<0.001	0.001
PSR	Raw	92.04	20.72	17.09	2.42	10.03	1.00	8.44	45.91
	Steam explosion	98.10	19.62	17.81	2.50	9.82	0.60	5.00	49.96
	SEM	0.078	0.207	0.207	0.112	0.097	0.031	0.132	0.156
	p-Value	<0.001	0.065	0.035	0.677	0.015	0.018	0.002	0.002

¹ CAR: Cassava alcohol residues; DG: Distillers’ grains; CM: Cottonseed meal; RM: Rapeseed meal; PSR: Potato starchy residue. ² DM: Dry matter; NDF: Neutral detergent fiber; ADF: Acid detergent fiber; ADL: Acid detergent fiber; CP: Crude protein; EE: Ether extract; IVDMD: In vitro dry matter digestibility. ³ SEM: standard error of the mean.