Table 4.

Effect of steam explosion on the protein composition of five byproduct feedstuffs (DM basis, expressed as %).

Item 1	Treatment 2	PA	PB1	PB2	PB3	PC
CAR	Raw	2.29	0.20	2.00	4.16	4.96
	Steam explosion	2.37	0.04	3.77	1.28	6.55
	SEM 3	0.09	0.012	0.032	0.077	0.155
	p-Value	0.074	0.007	<0.001	0.002	0.011
DG	Raw	2.72	0.33	8.33	1.66	3.06
	Steam explosion	2.51	0.24	11.65	0.87	1.72
	SEM	0.101	0.012	0.193	0.052	0.039
	p-Value	0.14	0.046	0.005	<0.001	<0.001
CM	Raw	6.77	1.41	33.73	1.75	1.65
	Steam explosion	6.38	1.18	29.44	3.61	1.98
	SEM	0.09	0.093	0.107	0.092	0.114
	p-Value	0.018	0.003	<0.001	0.001	0.098
RM	Raw	0.94	0.10	13.21	12.65	17.65
	Steam explosion	8.77	1.62	5.58	11.8	17.53
	SEM	0.038	0.019	0.039	0.104	0.118
	p-Value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.013	0.068
PSR	Raw	8.39	1.3	0.72	0.65	0.64
	Steam explosion	1.17	0.20	7.47	0.51	0.75
	SEM	0.047	0.09	0.064	0.07	0.088
	p-Value	<0.001	0.022	<0.001	0.199	0.184

¹ CAR: Cassava alcohol residues; DG: Distillers’ grains; CM: Cottonseed meal; RM: Rapeseed meal; PSR: Potato starchy residue. ² PA: Non-protein nitrogen; PB1: Rapid degraded protein; PB2: Intermediately degraded protein; PB3: Slowly degraded protein; PC: Bound protein. ³ SEM: Standard error of the mean.