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. 2019 Sep 6;11(9):2138. doi: 10.3390/nu11092138

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of CSE and vitD exposure on primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) of unused donor lungs (upper panels) and COPD explant lungs (lower panels). CSE significantly increased IL-8 secretion by PBEC of both controls (a) and COPD patients (b). Neither 1,25(OH)₂D nor TX527 reduced CSE-induced IL-8 secretion. Both 1,25(OH)₂D and TX527 significantly upregulated mRNA expression of CYP24A1 (c,d) and cathelicidin (e,f) in PBEC from unused donor lungs and COPD patients. Concentrations of all drugs on the graph are 10⁻⁶ M; n = 4 per group. * p < 0.05 compared to control, # p < 0.05 compared to 25% CSE, + p < 0.05 compared to 1.25(OH)₂D.