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. 2019 Sep 11;11(9):2183. doi: 10.3390/nu11092183

Table 1.

Comparison of food consumption frequency (times/day) in the test and the retest by age groups (mean and standard deviation).

Food Items 1 Total Sample (n = 97) 13–15 Years (n = 31) 16–18 Years (n = 38) 19–21 Years (n = 28)
Test Retest p SCC Test Retest p SCC Test Retest p SCC Test Retest p SCC
Olives 0.08 ± 0.31 0.05 ± 0.23 0.046 0.86 * 0.11 ± 0.39 0.08 ± 0.36 0.893 0.75 * 0.11 ± 0.35 0.06 ± 0.18 0.028 0.89 * 0.02 ± 0.04 0.02 ± 0.04 0.180 0.94 *
Beer 0.09 ± 0.18 0.12 ± 0.22 0.147 0.85 * 0.05 ± 0.14 0.08 ± 0.22 0.529 0.71 * 0.13 ± 0.22 0.15 ± 0.24 0.575 0.89 * 0.10 ± 0.14 0.12 ± 0.17 0.109 0.92 *
Wine and cocktails 0.04 ± 0.09 0.07 ± 0.23 0.013 0.83 * 0.00 ± 0.02 0.07 ± 0.36 0.273 0.61 * 0.06 ± 0.13 0.09 ± 0.17 0.051 0.83 * 0.04 ± 0.04 0.06 ± 0.11 0.285 0.94 *
Spirits 0.04 ± 0.09 0.05 ± 0.14 0.209 0.83 * 0.01 ± 0.03 0.06 ± 0.20 0.109 0.74 * 0.06 ± 0.13 0.05 ± 0.10 0.953 0.78 * 0.04 ± 0.04 0.05 ± 0.11 0.655 0.98 *
Sugar confectionery 0.38 ± 0.45 0.41 ± 0.45 0.449 0.82 * 0.42 ± 0.41 0.52 ± 0.48 0.080 0.73 * 0.35 ± 0.43 0.34 ± 0.31 0.753 0.81 * 0.38 ± 0.53 0.40 ± 0.56 0.735 0.91 *
Sugar 0.95 ± 0.71 1.00 ± 0.73 0.155 0.81 * 0.79 ± 0.62 0.84 ± 0.65 0.826 0.56 * 0.89 ± 0.70 0.94 ± 0.71 0.477 0.89 * 1.22 ± 0.77 1.26 ± 0.78 0.673 0.83 *
Dried fruit 0.09 ± 0.20 0.08 ± 0.24 0.381 0.81 * 0.14 ± 0.28 0.17 ± 0.41 0.730 0.75 * 0.06 ± 0.13 0.03 ± 0.03 0.141 0.78 * 0.06 ± 0.15 0.03 ± 0.04 0.225 0.90 *
High quality cured meats 0.51 ± 0.45 0.54 ± 0.45 0.122 0.80 * 0.51 ± 0.50 0.48 ± 0.43 0.814 0.71 * 0.59 ± 0.46 0.63 ± 0.50 0.333 0.83 * 0.40 ± 0.34 0.48 ± 0.38 0.043 0.90 *
Other animal fats 0.01 ± 0.02 0.02 ± 0.06 0.117 0.80 * 0.01 ± 0.02 0.01 ± 0.03 0.584 0.74 * 0.01 ± 0.02 0.03 ± 0.09 0.075 0.79 * 0.01 ± 0.02 0.01 ± 0.02 1.000 0.86 *
Tomatoes 0.77 ± 0.59 0.70 ± 0.54 0.084 0.79 * 0.58 ± 0.45 0.55 ± 0.35 0.834 0.73 * 0.77 ± 0.60 0.64 ± 0.58 0.069 0.69 * 0.97 ± 0.64 0.94 ± 0.60 0.593 0.95 *
Poultry and rabbit 0.34 ± 0.36 0.30 ± 0.29 0.163 0.79 * 0.39 ± 0.36 0.36 ± 0.35 0.507 0.77 * 0.35 ± 0.41 0.28 ± 0.27 0.308 0.80 * 0.27 ± 0.25 0.25 ± 0.25 0.361 0.81 *
Energy drinks 0.12 ± 0.20 0.15 ± 0.25 0.074 0.79 * 0.15 ± 0.23 0.17 ± 0.27 0.594 0.63 * 0.13 ± 0.21 0.18 ± 0.27 0.173 0.85 * 0.07 ± 0.11 0.11 ± 0.17 0.106 0.86 *
Chocolates 0.68 ± 0.57 0.61 ± 0.49 0.032 0.78 * 0.78 ± 0.62 0.66 ± 0.46 0.266 0.57 * 0.71 ± 0.55 0.66 ± 0.44 0.424 0.79 * 0.55 ± 0.53 0.50 ± 0.57 0.080 0.91 *
Savory snacks 0.34 ± 0.39 0.34 ± 0.43 1.000 0.78 * 0.35 ± 0.43 0.37 ± 0.51 0.683 0.68 * 0.35 ± 0.33 0.41 ± 0.43 0.196 0.82 * 0.30 ± 0.44 0.22 ± 0.28 0.173 0.82 *
Mayonnaise 0.21 ± 0.31 0.19 ± 0.30 0.453 0.78 * 0.14 ± 0.20 0.14 ± 0.20 0.838 0.75 * 0.27 ± 0.41 0.25 ± 0.40 0.463 0.72 * 0.19 ± 0.24 0.17 ± 0.22 0.735 0.86 *
Butter 0.98 ± 0.71 0.98 ± 0.67 0.911 0.77 * 0.88 ± 0.65 0.83 ± 0.52 0.367 0.69 * 1.04 ± 0.75 1.13 ± 0.72 0.255 0.76 * 0.99 ± 0.74 0.92 ± 0.72 0.263 0.92 *
Fruit juices and nectars 0.63 ± 0.55 0.57 ± 0.53 0.267 0.77 * 0.70 ± 0.62 0.51 ± 0.52 0.091 0.64 * 0.72 ± 0.51 0.70 ± 0.52 0.636 0.80 * 0.42 ± 0.45 0.46 ± 0.53 0.441 0.90 *
Kiwi and citrus fruit 0.44 ± 0.47 0.46 ± 0.47 0.478 0.77 * 0.57 ± 0.58 0.56 ± 0.51 0.683 0.72 * 0.46 ± 0.43 0.50 ± 0.50 0.861 0.69 * 0.27 ± 0.32 0.29 ± 0.32 0.361 0.92 *
Leafy green vegetables 0.36 ± 0.38 0.37 ± 0.37 0.699 0.77 * 0.22 ± 0.27 0.28 ± 0.31 0.328 0.61 * 0.37 ± 0.37 0.39 ± 0.34 0.450 0.76 * 0.50 ± 0.46 0.43 ± 0.46 0.068 0.94 *
Sweetened beverages 0.33 ± 0.38 0.37 ± 0.45 0.255 0.77 * 0.35 ± 0.42 0.41 ± 0.51 0.638 0.63 * 0.36 ± 0.42 0.45 ± 0.50 0.018 0.89 * 0.26 ± 0.28 0.22 ± 0.23 0.463 0.77 *
Gourds and squashes 0.58 ± 0.56 0.55 ± 0.51 0.451 0.76 * 0.51 ± 0.45 0.53 ± 0.45 0.780 0.67 * 0.55 ± 0.62 0.45 ± 0.50 0.130 0.71 * 0.69 ± 0.59 0.69 ± 0.57 0.686 0.92 *
Cheese 0.68 ± 0.48 0.64 ± 0.48 0.243 0.75 * 0.55 ± 0.46 0.52 ± 0.45 0.972 0.84 * 0.68 ± 0.47 0.64 ± 0.47 0.534 0.62 * 0.84 ± 0.49 0.78 ± 0.49 0.141 0.81 *
Margarine 0.26 ± 0.44 0.27 ± 0.44 0.287 0.74 * 0.14 ± 0.28 0.16 ± 0.25 0.163 0.48 * 0.33 ± 0.50 0.40 ± 0.60 0.477 0.89 * 0.30 ± 0.47 0.23 ± 0.33 0.529 0.82 *
All kinds of fruits 0.89 ± 0.54 0.88 ± 0.56 0.936 0.73 * 1.02 ± 0.60 0.98 ± 0.57 0.834 0.61 * 0.88 ± 0.54 0.86 ± 0.59 0.889 0.73 * 0.77 ± 0.47 0.79 ± 0.52 0.465 0.87 *
Sausages, bacon, reconstituted meat 0.45 ± 0.47 0.42 ± 0.47 0.194 0.73 * 0.37 ± 0.32 0.30 ± 0.36 0.133 0.52 * 0.44 ± 0.50 0.46 ± 0.51 0.807 0.73 * 0.56 ± 0.55 0.52 ± 0.52 0.263 0.91 *
Eggs and egg dishes 0.22 ± 0.25 0.26 ± 0.27 0.099 0.73 * 0.20 ± 0.22 0.28 ± 0.30 0.142 0.75 * 0.24 ± 0.25 0.32 ± 0.29 0.074 0.70 * 0.22 ± 0.28 0.17 ± 0.19 0.281 0.76 *
Oily fish 0.06 ± 0.12 0.06 ± 0.10 0.844 0.73 * 0.07 ± 0.14 0.09 ± 0.17 0.209 0.78 * 0.05 ± 0.09 0.04 ± 0.04 0.327 0.74 * 0.07 ± 0.15 0.04 ± 0.04 0.953 0.70 *
Lean fish 0.10 ± 0.18 0.08 ± 0.17 0.269 0.72 * 0.10 ± 0.22 0.12 ± 0.26 0.583 0.60 * 0.10 ± 0.17 0.07 ± 0.13 0.154 0.80 * 0.10 ± 0.17 0.05 ± 0.04 0.142 0.81 *
Fruit preserves and fruit condiments 0.30 ± 0.37 0.33 ± 0.42 0.279 0.71 * 0.30 ± 0.33 0.32 ± 0.46 0.931 0.59 * 0.25 ± 0.37 0.35 ± 0.42 0.055 0.76 * 0.37 ± 0.41 0.34 ± 0.40 0.674 0.77 *
Honey 0.05 ± 0.10 0.10 ± 0.19 0.003 0.71 * 0.02 ± 0.03 0.07 ± 0.20 0.142 0.36 * 0.05 ± 0.10 0.12 ± 0.20 0.033 0.85 * 0.07 ± 0.15 0.10 ± 0.17 0.123 0.80 *
Bananas 0.42 ± 0.43 0.41 ± 0.38 0.880 0.70 * 0.56 ± 0.53 0.50 ± 0.42 0.824 0.63 * 0.31 ± 0.39 0.33 ± 0.38 0.351 0.70 * 0.41 ± 0.33 0.41 ± 0.34 0.933 0.75 *
Refined cereals 0.92 ± 0.59 0.98 ± 0.63 0.237 0.69 * 0.91 ± 0.61 0.98 ± 0.61 0.422 0.50 * 0.86 ± 0.59 0.86 ± 0.61 0.826 0.81 * 1.00 ± 0.57 1.13 ± 0.67 0.182 0.67 *
Vegetable-based oil 0.41 ± 0.43 0.37 ± 0.44 0.190 0.69 * 0.36 ± 0.34 0.27 ± 0.30 0.163 0.46 * 0.50 ± 0.56 0.48 ± 0.60 0.784 0.82 * 0.34 ± 0.28 0.33 ± 0.28 0.673 0.73 *
Breakfast cereals 0.34 ± 0.36 0.34 ± 0.39 0.784 0.69 * 0.43 ± 0.40 0.40 ± 0.47 0.663 0.67 * 0.35 ± 0.38 0.36 ± 0.36 0.809 0.68 * 0.22 ± 0.27 0.24 ± 0.30 0.735 0.75 *
Whole meal cereals 0.61 ± 0.64 0.64 ± 0.61 0.826 0.68 * 0.57 ± 0.63 0.73 ± 0.68 0.438 0.38 * 0.66 ± 0.70 0.68 ± 0.66 0.610 0.91 * 0.60 ± 0.57 0.48 ± 0.40 0.445 0.69 *
Baked confectionery 0.36 ± 0.45 0.37 ± 0.41 0.466 0.68 * 0.28 ± 0.29 0.39 ± 0.38 0.037 0.59 * 0.30 ± 0.33 0.32 ± 0.31 0.778 0.63 * 0.51 ± 0.67 0.43 ± 0.55 0.208 0.85 *
Nuts and nut spreads 0.21 ± 0.32 0.20 ± 0.35 0.357 0.68 * 0.28 ± 0.30 0.29 ± 0.43 0.824 0.61 * 0.27 ± 0.40 0.24 ± 0.38 0.535 0.55 * 0.06 ± 0.04 0.05 ± 0.04 0.173 0.80 *
Berries 0.35 ± 0.45 0.29 ± 0.37 0.178 0.67 * 0.45 ± 0.60 0.33 ± 0.42 0.334 0.42 * 0.36 ± 0.36 0.32 ± 0.36 0.366 0.75 * 0.25 ± 0.33 0.22 ± 0.32 0.834 0.78 *
Avocado 0.03 ± 0.21 0.04 ± 0.23 0.959 0.67 * 0.07 ± 0.36 0.10 ± 0.40 0.753 0.44 * 0.02 ± 0.09 0.02 ± 0.09 0.800 0.73 * 0.01 ± 0.02 0.01 ± 0.02 0.789 0.86 *
Venison 0.00 ± 0.02 0.01 ± 0.02 0.197 0.67 * 0.00 ± 0.02 0.01 ± 0.03 0.109 0.75 * 0.01 ± 0.02 0.01 ± 0.01 1.000 0.58 * 0.00 ± 0.01 0.00 ± 0.01 NA 0.80 *
Potatoes 0.79 ± 0.46 0.78 ± 0.47 0.952 0.66 * 0.78 ± 0.43 0.83 ± 0.47 0.478 0.51 * 0.84 ± 0.45 0.77 ± 0.46 0.295 0.57 * 0.74 ± 0.50 0.75 ± 0.49 0.675 0.89 *
Apples and pears 0.68 ± 0.46 0.66 ± 0.43 0.487 0.66 * 0.86 ± 0.51 0.77 ± 0.43 0.249 0.56 * 0.56 ± 0.48 0.62 ± 0.48 0.505 0.57 * 0.63 ± 0.31 0.58 ± 0.34 0.173 0.81 *
Cheese curds 0.29 ± 0.35 0.27 ± 0.27 0.887 0.66 * 0.27 ± 0.33 0.22 ± 0.29 0.328 0.59 * 0.29 ± 0.32 0.32 ± 0.25 0.267 0.65 * 0.31 ± 0.43 0.25 ± 0.27 0.415 0.80 *
Tropical fruits 0.15 ± 0.29 0.20 ± 0.37 0.202 0.65 * 0.19 ± 0.41 0.27 ± 0.53 0.397 0.50 * 0.16 ± 0.24 0.21 ± 0.30 0.327 0.77 * 0.09 ± 0.17 0.10 ± 0.17 0.534 0.62 *
Flavored cheese curds 0.13 ± 0.22 0.13 ± 0.28 0.311 0.65 * 0.12 ± 0.23 0.18 ± 0.42 1.000 0.48 * 0.17 ± 0.25 0.13 ± 0.20 0.507 0.76 * 0.09 ± 0.14 0.08 ± 0.14 0.260 0.70 *
Fresh and tinned legumes 0.13 ± 0.19 0.14 ± 0.28 0.531 0.63 * 0.16 ± 0.21 0.21 ± 0.41 0.875 0.40 * 0.14 ± 0.22 0.11 ± 0.19 0.286 0.70 * 0.10 ± 0.14 0.11 ± 0.20 0.715 0.86 *
Red meat 0.10 ± 0.17 0.10 ± 0.16 0.915 0.63 * 0.05 ± 0.10 0.09 ± 0.17 0.108 0.70 * 0.10 ± 0.17 0.09 ± 0.15 0.551 0.56 * 0.15 ± 0.20 0.12 ± 0.17 0.173 0.59 *
Cream 0.24 ± 0.33 0.24 ± 0.33 0.928 0.62 * 0.24 ± 0.28 0.22 ± 0.25 0.925 0.35 0.26 ± 0.41 0.29 ± 0.42 0.601 0.65 * 0.21 ± 0.26 0.19 ± 0.25 0.590 0.91 *
Stone fruit 0.45 ± 0.49 0.38 ± 0.42 0.052 0.61 * 0.57 ± 0.65 0.43 ± 0.46 0.246 0.40 * 0.45 ± 0.42 0.43 ± 0.45 0.363 0.64 * 0.32 ± 0.33 0.25 ± 0.30 0.128 0.84 *
Milk beverages—sweetened 0.51 ± 0.44 0.51 ± 0.39 0.622 0.60 * 0.58 ± 0.51 0.48 ± 0.41 0.449 0.29 0.55 ± 0.45 0.58 ± 0.41 0.334 0.71 * 0.37 ± 0.32 0.44 ± 0.33 0.075 0.86 *
Ice-cream and custard 0.24 ± 0.33 0.21 ± 0.36 0.076 0.60 * 0.27 ± 0.39 0.21 ± 0.40 0.142 0.35 0.22 ± 0.31 0.17 ± 0.25 0.244 0.71 * 0.22 ± 0.30 0.25 ± 0.43 0.625 0.72 *
Seeds and bran 0.15 ± 0.26 0.17 ± 0.32 0.637 0.59 * 0.20 ± 0.29 0.19 ± 0.29 0.542 0.26 0.20 ± 0.31 0.26 ± 0.42 0.328 0.78 * 0.03 ± 0.03 0.02 ± 0.02 0.124 0.64 *
Milk and milk beverages—natural 0.61 ± 0.47 0.52 ± 0.46 0.015 0.58 * 0.59 ± 0.53 0.62 ± 0.65 0.811 0.52 * 0.62 ± 0.48 0.47 ± 0.36 0.041 0.58 * 0.62 ± 0.40 0.47 ± 0.30 0.018 0.76 *
Vegetable and vegetable-fruit juices 0.28 ± 0.41 0.22 ± 0.31 0.075 0.58 * 0.35 ± 0.51 0.15 ± 0.21 0.005 0.58 * 0.29 ± 0.39 0.33 ± 0.41 0.642 0.52 * 0.18 ± 0.26 0.13 ± 0.19 0.263 0.74 *
Offal products 0.05 ± 0.11 0.07 ± 0.23 0.483 0.54 * 0.06 ± 0.14 0.12 ± 0.38 0.784 0.52 * 0.03 ± 0.04 0.06 ± 0.13 0.826 0.44 * 0.07 ± 0.15 0.04 ± 0.11 0.142 0.74 *
Fine groats 0.15 ± 0.21 0.13 ± 0.16 0.474 0.51 * 0.16 ± 0.23 0.14 ± 0.17 0.894 0.36 * 0.14 ± 0.19 0.12 ± 0.16 0.878 0.63 * 0.16 ± 0.20 0.11 ± 0.13 0.333 0.52 *
All kinds of vegetables (potatoes not included) 0.69 ± 0.47 0.71 ± 0.46 0.837 0.50 * 0.68 ± 0.54 0.73 ± 0.56 0.650 0.35 0.74 ± 0.53 0.71 ± 0.49 0.496 0.56 * 0.64 ± 0.30 0.69 ± 0.29 0.273 0.70 *
Coarse groats 0.09 ± 0.16 0.09 ± 0.13 0.911 0.48 * 0.17 ± 0.27 0.11 ± 0.16 0.712 0.36 * 0.06 ± 0.04 0.10 ± 0.15 0.155 0.41 * 0.06 ± 0.04 0.05 ± 0.04 0.059 0.70 *
Root vegetables and others 0.39 ± 0.35 0.37 ± 0.37 0.335 0.45 * 0.34 ± 0.32 0.33 ± 0.31 0.862 0.09 0.39 ± 0.36 0.33 ± 0.42 0.124 0.53 * 0.46 ± 0.36 0.46 ± 0.36 0.878 0.74 *
Dry and processed pulses 0.07 ± 0.10 0.08 ± 0.15 0.685 0.43 * 0.07 ± 0.10 0.10 ± 0.16 0.679 0.27 0.07 ± 0.09 0.09 ± 0.18 0.514 0.48 * 0.06 ± 0.11 0.04 ± 0.04 0.612 0.58 *
Yellow-orange vegetables 0.50 ± 0.42 0.45 ± 0.36 0.204 0.33 * 0.50 ± 0.48 0.43 ± 0.44 0.334 0.39 * 0.53 ± 0.43 0.48 ± 0.32 0.799 0.63 * 0.46 ± 0.32 0.43 ± 0.31 0.499 0.76 *
Cruciferous vegetables 0.29 ± 0.34 0.28 ± 0.28 0.981 0.24 * 0.20 ± 0.27 0.20 ± 0.23 0.784 0.48 * 0.35 ± 0.41 0.32 ± 0.31 0.646 0.81 * 0.31 ± 0.30 0.31 ± 0.27 0.787 0.72 *
Mean for all food items - - 0.68 - - 0.56 - - 0.72 - - 0.80

1 Sorted by SCC values for the total sample; n—sample size; SCC—Spearman’s correlation coefficient: * p < 0.05; p–significance level of Wilcoxon’s test (for two dependent samples) for differences in means of food consumption frequency (times/day) between the test and the retest; NA–statistical analysis was not performed in this age group due to sample distribution (not enough respondents in a category).