| IR | ionising radiation |
| LET | lineal energy transfer |
| MV | mega voltage |
| EMT | epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| NPs | nanoparticles |
| AuNPs | gold nanoparticles |
| AuNRs | gold nanorads |
| Au@Pt-Nss | gold-platinum nanoseeds |
| PTC | papillary thyroid cancer |
| SEM | standard error of mean |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| FBS | foetal bovine serum |
| BG | background |
| ICP-MS | inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry |