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. 2019 Sep 7;11(9):1328. doi: 10.3390/cancers11091328

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Anthracyclines reduce LPS induced; Nox-dependent NETosis in a dose-dependent manner. NETosis assays were performed in the neutrophils activated with media LPS (25 μg/mL) to induce Nox-dependent NETosis. % DNA release for each condition compared to Triton X-100 (lysed cells, considered as 100% DNA release) was calculated. For (A) epirubicin, (B) daunorubicin, (C) doxorubicin, and (D) idarubicin, NETosis was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (n = 3, * p < 0.05 between 10.0, 5.0 and 0.0 μM dosage with LPS; Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison post-test). (E) Confocal microscopy of neutrophils was also performed on 5 μM samples of each anthracycline. Neutrophils were stained for DNA (blue) and MPO (green); colocalization of these stains shows NETs being released in samples without anthracyclines. With anthracyclines present, the neutrophils are more condensed (n = 3; scale bar, 20 μm).