Table 4.
Effects of weight loss one year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in obese patients with T2D classified as responders and non-responders.
| Responders | Non-Responders | p (R vs. NR) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before BS | After BS | Before BS | After BS | Before BS | After BS | |
| n | 18 | 18 | 7 | 7 | - | - |
| Age | 49 ± 3 | 50 ± 3 | 58 ± 2 | 59 ± 2 | 0.014 | 0.014 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 45.2 ± 1.7 | 33.8 ± 1.6 *** | 41.4 ± 1.9 | 32.3 ± 2.6 ** | 0.226 | 0.601 |
| Body fat (%) | 50.7 ± 1.9 | 40.2 ± 2.5 *** | 49.2 ± 2.9 | 38.4 ± 4.1 * | 0.273 | 0.701 |
| Waist (cm) | 127 ± 4 | 106 ± 4 *** | 105 ± 4 | 110 ± 6 ** | 0.731 | 0.730 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 0.96 ± 0.02 | 1.02 ± 0.02 | 0.95 ± 0.02 * | 0.246 | 0.836 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127 ± 4 | 117 ± 3 * | 130 ± 4 | 126 ± 7 ** | 0.679 | 0.220 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81 ± 3 | 72 ± 2 *** | 77 ± 4 | 74 ± 3 * | 0.439 | 0.628 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 125 ± 6 | 97 ± 4 *** | 166 ± 16 | 172 ± 25 | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 21.9 ± 3.2 | 9.5 ± 1.5 ** | 19.1 ± 4.9 | 4.7 ± 1.0 * | 0.649 | 0.008 |
| HOMA | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 1.4 ** | 7.8 ± 2.2 | 1.8 ± 0.5 ** | 0.487 | 0.516 |
| QUICKI | 0.304 ± 0.007 | 0.358 ± 0.012 *** | 0.298 ± 0.017 | 0.362 ± 0.020 * | 0.728 | 0.869 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 6.1 ± 0.4 ** | 8.1 ± 0.5 | 6.7 ± 0.2 | 0.005 | 0.172 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 141 ± 12 | 84 ± 10 *** | 129 ± 28 | 135 ± 30 | 0.422 | 0.041 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 194 ± 10 | 150 ± 7 *** | 162 ± 8 | 184 ± 9 | 0.222 | 0.025 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 122 ± 8 | 86 ± 7 ** | 90 ± 9 | 100 ± 6 | 0.190 | 0.263 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 45 ± 3 | 48 ± 2 | 45 ± 2 | 57 ± 4 * | 0.513 | 0.058 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 48.8 ± 6.9 | 16.9 ± 3.1 *** | 38.1 ± 10.8 | 11.8 ± 3.1 * | 0.415 | 0.830 |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 6.49 ± 0.90 | 11.80 ± 1.06 *** | 7.34 ± 0.64 | 11.39 ± 1.14 | 0.582 | 0.356 |
| Adpn/Lep ratio | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 1.11 ± 0.21 *** | 0.32 ± 0.09 | 1.43 ± 0.44 * | 0.150 | 0.478 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.9 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.3 ** | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 0.325 | 0.759 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.78 ± 0.04 | 1.29 ± 0.54 | 0.80 ± 0.09 | 0.74 ± 0.07 * | 0.551 | 0.811 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 9.7 ± 4.2 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | 7.3 ± 3.1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 * | 0.447 | 0.352 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 378 ± 24 | 373 ± 24 | 357 ± 72 | 271 ± 32 | 0.828 | 0.154 |
| von Willebrand factor (%) | 159 ± 23 | 140 ± 18 | 161 ± 28 | 136 ± 27 * | 0.940 | 0.971 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 7.92 ± 1.67 | 9.47 ± 1.44 | 11.30 ± 1.70 | 9.13 ± 1.11 | 0.722 | 0.838 |
| AST (IU/L) | 16 ± 2 | 17 ± 2 | 18 ± 1 | 31 ± 3 | 0.913 | 0.262 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 23 ± 2 | 26 ± 5 | 23 ± 3 | 26 ± 12 | 0.273 | 0.656 |
| AST/ALT | 0.70 ± 0.04 | 0.79 ± 0.06 | 1.00 ± 0.18 | 1.07 ± 0.21 | 0.135 | 0.240 |
| γ-GT (IU/L) | 32 ± 5 | 15 ± 2 ** | 43 ± 18 | 24 ± 7 | 0.439 | 0.233 |
Adpn/Lep, adiponectin/leptin ratio; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BS, bariatric surgery; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; γ-GT, γ-glutamyltransferase; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; NG, normoglycemic; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2D, type 2 diabetes. Data are mean ± SEM. Differences between groups were analyzed by two-paired Student t tests. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and ** p < 0.001 vs. before surgery.