Table 1.

Various drugs, inhibiting or activating DNA methylation and DNA hydroxymethylation, which are demonstrated in different diseases.

Drug	Epigenetic Effect	Disease
Azacitidine (5′-AZA)	DNA methyltransferase inhibitor	RA [18,19], primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) [20], systemic sclerosis (SSc) [21], myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) [22]
Decitabine	DNA methyltransferase inhibitor	RA [23], OA [23], chronic myelomonocytic leukemia [24]
Zebularine	DNA methyltransferase inhibitor	autoimmunity/chronic inflammation [25], MDS [26]
RG108	DNA methyltransferase inhibitor	prostate cancer [27], breast cancer [28], colon cancer [29]
Procaine	DNA methyltransferase inhibitor	SS [30], gastric carcinoma [31]
Procainamide	DNA methyltransferase inhibitor	RA [32], SLE [32], drug-induced autoimmunity [33], solid tumors [34]
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)	DNA methyltransferase inhibitor	RA [35,36], skin cancer [37]
Hydralazine	DNA methyltransferase inhibitor	RA [32], SLE [32], cervical cancer [38]
SGI-1027	DNA methyltransferase inhibitor	hepatoma [39]
Budesonide	DNA methyltransferase activator	lung cancer [40,41]
AGI-5198	DNA hydroxymethylation inhibitor	brain tumor [42]
HMS-101	DNA hydroxymethylation inhibitor	acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [43]