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. 2019 Aug 28;11(9):1258. doi: 10.3390/cancers11091258

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

The substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor (SP/NK-1R) system regulates several cell signaling pathways involved in cancer progression. These pathways are the following: (a) Antiapoptotic signaling pathway (PI3K/Akt/mTOR); (b) cell proliferation signaling pathway (PKC, MAPKs, ERK); (c) cell migration signaling pathway (Rho-ROCK-pMLC); (d) Wnt signaling pathway (β-catenin, c-myc, cyclin D1); (e) AC-cAMP-PKA phosphorylation signaling pathway, and (f) the Warburg effect (GSK-3β). APC: Adenomatous polyposis coli; Dvl: Dishevelled; Fzd: Frizzled receptor; PCP: Planar cell polarity pathway; PDK-1: Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1; pMLC: Myosin light-chain kinase; TCF/LEF: Transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor.