Table 3.
MiRNAsfound in MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs), their targets and functions.
| MicroRNA ID | Target Proteins | Function | In Vitro/In Vivo Models | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-302a | Inhibits cyclinD1 and Akt signaling pathway | Potential endometrial tumor suppressor | In vitro: Human endometrial cancer cell lines ISK and ECC-1 |
[127] |
| miR-199a | Targets 22 genes implicated in cell/death proliferation and cell cycle regulation such as RB1, LKB1, NEUROD1 and CABLES1 | Enhances cardiomyocyte proliferation | In silico | [120] |
| miR-155-5p | PI3K/Akt signaling pathway | Immunomodulatory properties | In vitro: PBMCs from healthy donors; In silico | [137] |
| miR-125a-3p | // | Suppresses cell proliferation in several cell lines (e.g., effector T cells) | In vitro: PBMCs from healthy donors In vivo: Mouse model of GVHD |
[121] |
| miR-196a miR-27a miR-206 |
Induce the expression of ALP, OCN, OPN, and Runx2 | Regulate osteoblast differentiation | In vitro: Human osteoblasts(hFOB 1.19) In vivo: Sprague Dawley rats |
[122] |
| miR-15a miR-15b miR-16 |
Modulate CX3CL1 expression | Block infiltration of CD86+ macrophages after ischemia | In vivo: Mouse model of IRI | [124] |
| miR-22 | Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 | Antiapoptotic effect in ischemic cardiomyocytes | In vitro: Neonatal cardiomyocytes In vivo: Myocardial infarction model |
[126] |
| miR-125b-5p | Inhibits p53 and BAK1 in cardiomyocytes | Facilitates ischemic cardiac repair | In vitro: H9C2 cells In vivo: Mouse model of myocardial infarction |
[131] |
| miR-126 | Inhibits HMGB1 pathway | Reduces inflammation and improves vascular repair in diabetic retinopathy | In vitro: Human retinal endothelial cells (HREC) In vivo:Diabetic Wistar rats |
[132] |
| miR-16-5p | Down-regulates ITGA2 | Blocks proliferation, migration and invasion and enhances apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells | In vitro: CRC cell lines In vivo: BALB/c nude mice |
[133] |
| miR-126-3p | Inhibits ADAM9 | Blocks tumor progression and metastasis | In vitro: Pancreatic cancer cell lines In vivo: Xenograft in BALB/c nude mice |
[134] |
| miR-223 | Regulates NLRP3 and Caspase-1 | Liver protection in autoimmune hepatitis | In vitro: AML12 cells In vivo: Mouse model of autoimmune hepatitis |
[128] |
| Sema3A and Stat3 | Cardioprotection in sepsis | In vivo: Mouse model of CLP | [129] | |
| miR-133b | // | Contributes to neurovascular remodeling after stroke | In vivo: Adult male Wistar rats with stroke | [123] |
| miR-30 | Inhibition of DRP1 | Antiapoptotic effect and protection of injured kidney | In vivo: Mouse models of unilateral renal IRI | [125] |
| miR-146a | Inhibits TRAF6 and IRAK1 and down-regulates NF-κB pathways | Ameliorates experimental colitis | In vivo: Rat model of experimental colitis | [130] |
| miR-21-5p | CCR7 gene degradation | Attenuate DC maturation and function | In vitro: PBMCs from healthy donors; In silico | [119] |
| miR-142-3p | Inhibition of IL-6 | |||
| miR-223-3p | CD83 gene expression | |||
| miR-126-3p | Negative regulation of Tsc1 |
Abbreviations: Retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB1), liver kinase B1(LKB1), neurogenic differentiation 1 (NEUROD1), Cdk5 and Abl enzyme substrate 1(CABLES1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN),runt-related transcript factor-2 (Runx2),fractalkine(CX3CL1), Bcl-2 antagonist killer 1 (BAK1), High Mobility Group-B1 (HMGB1) pathway, integrin alpha-2(ITGA2), disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 9 (ADAM9),Nacht, LRR and PYD domains—containing protein3 (NLRP3), semaphorin-3A (Sema3A),dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1),TNFreceptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6), IL-1 receptor-associatedkinase 1 (IRAK1),nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB) pathways, C–C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7), Ishikawa (ISK) cells, human endometrial cancer cells (ECC-1), Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD), human fetal osteoblastic cell line (hFOB), renal ischemia injury (IRI), colorectal cancer cell (CRC), alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cell line, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).