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. 2019 Oct 1;2(3):166–182. doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz019

Figure 1 .

Figure 1

The process of bacteria activating inflammasomes. Different bacteria activate different inflammasomes. Bacillus anthracis LeTx activate NLRP1 by PA & LF. Listeria and Staphylococcus aureus activate NLRP3 by bacterial pore-forming toxins, bacterial RNA, and bacterial cell wall components LPS. The endogenous bacteria and Francisella active NLRC4 and bacterial DNA sensor including AIM2, NLRP3, and NLRP1 inducing the cleavage of caspase-1 to release IL-1β and IL-18. Gram-negative bacterial LPS activate the non-classical inflammasome caspase-11. PA, protective antigen; LF: lethal factor; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NLRP1, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 1; NLRC4, NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4; NLRP3, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; AIM2, absent in melanoma 2; IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta; IL-18, interleukin 18.