Table 2.
Comparisons of volatile compounds from eight varieties of Hsian-tsao extracted using HS-SPME.
| Compound a | RI b | Relative Content (%) c | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nongshi No. 1 | Taoyuan No. 1 | Taoyuan No. 2 | Chiayi Strain | TYM1301 | TYM1302 | TYM1303 | TYM1304 | ||
| Aliphatic alcohol | |||||||||
| 1-Octen-3-ol f | 962 | 0.29 ± 0.11 | 0.69 ± 0.24 | 1.16 ± 0.19 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 2.25 ± 0.40 | 1.39 ± 0.28 | 1.61 ± 0.22 | 3.01 ± 0.82 |
| Aliphatic aldehydes | |||||||||
| Hexanal f | 777 | 3.63 ± 0.52 | 1.85 ± 0.68 | 0.29 ± 0.10 | 0.39 ± 0.15 | 1.19 ± 0.26 | 1.15 ± 0.22 | 1.81 ± 0.24 | 1.74 ± 0.19 |
| (E)-2-heptenal f | 931 | tr d | 1.06 ± 0.20 | tr | - e | tr | tr | tr | tr |
| Decanal f | 1181 | - | - | - | tr | - | - | - | - |
| Aliphatic ketones | |||||||||
| 1-Octen-3-one f | 956 | tr | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | tr | 0.29 ± 0.03 | tr | 0.24 ± 0.02 | 0.47 ± 0.07 |
| 3-Octanone f | 965 | - | - | - | tr | - | - | tr | tr |
| Aliphatic ester | |||||||||
| Linalyl isobutyrate | 1387 | 0.32 ± 0.05 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Aromatic alcohol | |||||||||
| Eugenol g | 1328 | - | - | - | 0.08 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| Aromatic aldehyde | |||||||||
| Benzaldehyde f | 933 | tr | - | - | tr | - | - | - | - |
| Aromatic hydrocarbon | |||||||||
| p-Cymene | 1004 | - | 0.68 ± 0.05 | - | tr | tr | tr | tr | tr |
| Terpene alcohol | |||||||||
| α-Bisabolol | 1680 | 0.11 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.09 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.04 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | - |
| Monoterpenes | |||||||||
| α-Thujene | 927 | 1.02 ± 0.11 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 1.28 ± 0.17 | 0.86 ± 0.21 | 1.16 ± 0.11 | 1.10 ± 0.05 | 1.10 ± 0.04 | 3.19 ± 0.24 |
| α-Pinene f | 937 | 19.73 ± 1.72 | 11.14 ± 1.10 | 16.65 ± 1.26 | 22.67 ± 0.45 | 14.76 ± 0.68 | 24.20 ± 0.40 | 20.20 ± 0.69 | 4.72 ± 0.19 |
| Camphene | 949 | 0.79 ± 0.04 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.63 ± 0.02 | 1.22 ± 0.09 | 0.70 ± 0.02 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 0.82 ± 0.05 | - |
| sabinene | 967 | 2.75 ± 0.25 | 3.60 ± 0.15 | 3.56 ± 0.46 | 1.46 ± 0.41 | 2.87 ± 0.40 | 2.86 ± 0.10 | 3.07 ± 0.21 | 7.37 ± 0.62 |
| β-Pinene f | 972 | 44.99 ± 2.09 | 23.19 ± 2.17 | 42.28 ± 1.31 | 46.60 ± 1.89 | 36.18 ± 0.83 | 49.51 ± 1.45 | 43.24 ± 0.19 | 2.15 ± 0.36 |
| β-Myrcene | 983 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 2.26 ± 0.16 | 0.41 ± 0.02 | 0.28 ± 0.10 | 0.64 ± 0.09 | 0.37 ± 0.01 | 0.82 ± 0.07 | 2.40 ± 0.09 |
| δ-3-Carene | 998 | - | 0.85 ± 0.04 | - | 0.43 ± 0.04 | - | - | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 1.92 ± 0.09 |
| α-Terpinene | 1007 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.61 ± 0.07 | 0.65 ± 0.16 | 0.63 ± 0.06 | 0.56 ± 0.03 | 0.60 ± 0.02 | 1.64 ± 0.09 |
| Limonene f | 1015 | 7.06 ± 1.17 | 20.98 ± 1.01 | 6.45 ± 0.31 | 4.66 ± 1.96 | 7.47 ± 1.68 | 4.29 ± 0.08 | 9.05 ± 1.05 | 32.08 ± 2.81 |
| γ-Terpinene | 1045 | - | 0.55 ± 0.09 | 0.60 ± 0.07 | 0.38 ± 0.12 | - | 0.52 ± 0.04 | - | 1.63 ± 0.09 |
| α-Terpinolene | 1081 | - | 0.39 ± 0.05 | - | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.46 ± 0.01 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | - | 1.14 ± 0.07 |
| Sesquiterpenes | |||||||||
| α-Cubebene | 1353 | - | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| α-Ylangene | 1378 | tr | tr | tr | 0.41 ± 0.23 | tr | tr | tr | tr |
| α-Copaene | 1382 | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 1.45 ± 0.17 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.14 | 0.62 ± 0.09 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.01 |
| β-Elemene | 1392 | 1.13 ± 0.19 | 3.26 ± 0.12 | 3.05 ± 0.35 | 1.27 ± 0.17 | 2.60 ± 0.30 | 0.58 ± 0.06 | 1.04 ± 0.14 | 4.38 ± 0.28 |
| β-Bourbonene | 1393 | - | - | tr | 0.08 ± 0.00 | - | tr | - | - |
| α-Cedrene | 1401 | - | 0.16 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| cis-α-Bergamotene | 1414 | - | 0.49 ± 0.07 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| α-Gurgujene | 1418 | - | - | - | 0.07 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - |
| β-Caryophyllene f,g,h | 1427 | 2.68 ± 0.40 | 8.49 ± 1.16 | 10.71 ± 1.56 | 2.74 ± 0.74 | 10.81 ± 1.03 | 2.76 ± 0.52 | 2.61 ± 0.25 | 12.53 ± 1.51 |
| Aromadendrene | 1433 | - | - | - | tr | - | - | - | - |
| α-Bergamotene h | 1436 | 0.77 ± 0.10 | 1.31 ± 0.25 | - | 0.55 ± 0.08 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | - | - | 0.71 ± 0.04 |
| cis-Thujopsene | 1437 | - | 0.15 ± 0.02 | - | 0.09 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - |
| β-Gurjunene | 1442 | - | - | 0.37 ± 0.06 | - | - | - | - | - |
| cis-β-Farnesene h | 1445 | - | 0.69 ± 0.05 | - | 0.39 ± 0.11 | 0.59 ± 0.08 | - | - | - |
| trans-β-Farnesene | 1452 | - | 0.20 ± 0.02 | - | - | 0.18 ± 0.01 | - | 0.05 ± 0.01 | - |
| α-Caryophyllene f,h | 1461 | 0.87 ± 0.10 | 1.33 ± 0.18 | 1.51 ± 0.20 | 0.49 ± 0.10 | 2.16 ± 0.31 | 0.50 ± 0.08 | 0.59 ± 0.25 | 1.84 ± 0.33 |
| α-Muurolene | 1479 | - | 0.36 ± 0.13 | - | 0.16 ± 0.02 | - | - | 0.10 ± 0.02 | - |
| γ-Muurolene | 1479 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.17 ± 0.03 |
| Valencene | 1486 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Germacrene D | 1487 | - | - | 0.18 ± 0.00 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| β-Selinene | 1494 | 0.35 ± 0.06 | 0.65 ± 0.17 | 0.56 ± 0.23 | 2.72 ± 0.33 | 1.01 ± 0.11 | - | 0.38 ± 0.17 | 1.43 ± 0.12 |
| α-Selinene | 1501 | - | - | - | 1.50 ± 0.17 | - | - | - | 1.17 ± 0.09 |
| β-Bisabolene | 1505 | 0.42 ± 0.10 | 0.89 ± 0.09 | - | tr | 1.20 ± 0.16 | - | 0.34 ± 0.02 | - |
| α-Chamigrene | 1514 | - | - | - | 0.07 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| α-Amorphene | 1518 | - | - | - | 0.07 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| δ-Cadinene | 1523 | - | - | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
| trans-γ-Bisabolene | 1526 | - | 0.16 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| trans-α-Bisabolene | 1537 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.31 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 0.43 ± 0.07 | - | - | - | - |
| Terpene oxide | |||||||||
| Caryophyllene oxide f,g | 1585 | - | 0.04 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hydrocarbons | |||||||||
| 2-Methyl-octane | 869 | - | - | 0.53 ± 0.05 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Undecane | 1098 | 0.51 ± 0.07 | 0.44 ± 0.11 | 0.27 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.02 | - | 0.25 ± 0.00 | - |
| Dodecane | 1197 | 0.35 ± 0.07 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | - | tr | 0.23 ± 0.00 | - | - | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
| Tridecane | 1294 | - | 0.12 ± 0.06 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | tr | 0.09 ± 0.01 | - | 0.08 ± 0.01 | - |
| Furan | |||||||||
| 2-Pentylfuran | 978 | tr | tr | tr | tr | tr | tr | tr | tr |
a Identification of components based on the GC/MS library (Wiley 7N). b Retention indices, using paraffin (C5–C25) as references. c Relative percentages from GC-FID, values are means ± standard deviation ( SD) of triplicates. d Trace. e Undetectable. f Published in the literature (Wei et al. [9]). g Published in the literature (Lu et al. [11]). h Published in the literature (Deng et al. [10]).