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Effects of fucoxanthin on malondialdehyde (MDA) level in rat plasma, testis, and sperm after treatment for four weeks. Data are shown as the mean ± S.D. (n = 5). The values with different letters (a–c) represent significant differences (p < 0.05) as analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test. C, control; DM, diabetes; DMF, diabetes treated with fucoxanthin; DMR, diabetes treated with rosiglitazone.
