Table 1.
Effects of fucoxanthin on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin level, and HOMA-IR after treatment for four weeks.
| Properties | C | DM | DMF1 | DMF2 | DMF5 | DMR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPG (mg/dL) | 153.25 ± 20.99 a | 211 ± 16.83 c | 180.47 ± 10.99 b | 174.81 ± 8.52 b | 181.55 ± 8.2 b | 182.72 ± 13.97 b |
| Insulin (µg/L) | 2.21 ± 0.75 a | 4.37 ± 0.63 b | 2.81 ± 0.59 a | 2.23 ± 0.87 a | 2.48 ± 0.78 a | 2.46 ± 0.60 a |
| HOMA-IR | 0.82 ± 0.27 a | 2.16 ± 0.39 b | 1.25 ± 0.19 a | 0.95 ± 0.42 a | 1.15 ± 0.39 a | 1.08 ± 0.18 a |
Data are shown as the mean ± S.D. (n = 5). The values with different letters (a–c) represent significant differences (p < 0.05) as analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test. C, control; DM, diabetes; DMF, diabetes treated with fucoxanthin; DMR, diabetes treated with rosiglitazone. HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance = (fasting plasma glucose concentration (mmol/L) × fasting plasma insulin concentration (mU/mL)/22.5.