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. 2019 Sep 12;20(18):4521. doi: 10.3390/ijms20184521

Figure 1.

Figure 1

dsRNA-mediated suppression of CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 transcripts and its effect on nicotine toxicity in M. persicae nicotianae. (A,B) dsRNA oral-mediated knockdown efficacy (100 ng/μL dsRNA-CYP6CY3 or dsRNA-CYP6CY4) after 48 h and the relative CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 expression levels in M. persicae nicotianae orally treated with dsRNA [23]. The housekeeping genes actin and para were used as internal reference genes [24]. (C) Mean mortality ± SE (n = 3) after feeding on a nicotine (100 mg/L) and dsRNA mixture (100 ng/μL of dsRNA-CYP6CY3 or dsRNA-CYP6CY4 or dsRNA-CYP6CY3+CYP6CY4) for 48 h in M. persicae nicotianae. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals (n = 3). Different letters on the bars of the histogram indicate significant differences based on ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s HSD multiple comparison test (p < 0.05). * Significant difference by Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). ** Significant difference by Student’s t-test (p < 0.01).