Table 3.

Examples of studies that examined remission of CD with EN.

Study	Design	Main Results
Giaffer et al. [49]	Randomized trial, not double blind 30 participants: 8 males, 22 females 16 participants assigned elemental diet and 14 assigned the polymeric diet	Remission rate determined by Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) <150 after 10 days (Elemental 12/16 versus non-elemental 5/14, RR = 2.10, p > 0.05)
Grogan et al. [38]	Randomized trial, double blind 41 paediatric patients with newly-diagnosed CD and no isolated colonic disease 20 patients received elemental diet and 21 received the polymeric diet	Remission rate determined by Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) <11 at 6 weeks (Elemental 14/20 versus non-elemental 15/21, RR = 0.98, p > 0.05)
Kobayashi et al. [39]	Randomized trial, not double blind 19 participants 10 participants assigned elemental diet and 9 assigned the polymeric diet	Remission rate determined by CDAI <150 after 24 days (Elemental 7/12 versus non-elemental 6/10, RR = 0.97, p > 0.05)
Mansfield et al. [44]	Randomized trial, not double blind 44 participants: 16 males, 28 females 22 participants assigned elemental diet and 22 assigned the semi-elemental diet	Remission rate determined by CDAI reduction of 100 points or 40% of the initial value after 28 days (Elemental 8/22 versus non-elemental 8/22, RR = 1.00, p > 0.05)
Middleton et al. [45]	Randomized trial, not double blind 76 participants 58 participants assigned elemental diets and 18 assigned the semi-elemental diet	Remission rate determined by Harvey-Bradshaw Index <3 after 21 days (Elemental 36/58 versus non-elemental 13/18, RR = 0.86, p > 0.05)
Park et al. [40,131,132]	Randomized trial, double blind 14 participants: 1 male, 13 females 7 participants assigned elemental diet and 7 assigned the polymeric diet	Remission rate determined by Harvey-Bradshaw Index <2 after 28 days (Elemental 2/7 versus non-elemental 5/7, RR = 0.40, p > 0.05)
Raouf et al. [41]	Randomized trial, not double blind 24 participants 13 participants assigned elemental diet and 11 assigned the polymeric diet	Remission rate determined by Harvey-Bradshaw Index <4 after 21 days (Elemental 9/13 versus non-elemental 8/11, RR = 0.95, p > 0.05)
Rigaud et al. [42]	Randomized trial, not double blind 30 participants: 18 males, 12 females 15 participants assigned elemental diet and 15 assigned the polymeric diet	Remission rate determined by CDAI <150 after 28 days (Elemental 10/15 versus non-elemental 11/15, RR = 0.91, p > 0.05)
Royall et al. [46]	Randomized trial, double blind 40 participants: 23 males, 17 females 19 participants assigned elemental diet and 21 assigned the semi-elemental diet	Remission rate determined by CDAI <150 after 21 days (Elemental 16/19 versus non-elemental 15/21, RR = 1.18, p > 0.05)
Sakurai et al. [47]	Randomized trial, not double blind 36 participants: 30 males, 6 females 18 participants assigned elemental diet and 18 assigned the non-elemental diet	Remission rate determined by CDAI decrease of at least 40% or by 100 or more after 42 days (Elemental 12/18 versus non-elemental 13/18, RR = 0.92, p > 0.05)
Verma et al. [43]	Randomized trial, double blind 21 participants: 8 males, 13 females 10 participants assigned elemental diet and 11 assigned the polymeric diet	Remission rate determined by CDAI <150 or CDAI decrease of 100 points from baseline level after 28 days (Elemental 8/10 versus non-elemental 6/11, RR = 1.47, p > 0.05)