Table 6.
Phenolic composition of U. tomentosa bark commercial extracts.
| Sample | SP-4 | SP-5 | SP-6 | SP-7 | SP-8 | SP-9 | SP-10 | SP-11 | SP-12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compound | Concentration (µg/g Extract) 1 | ||||||||
| Hydroxybenzoic acids | |||||||||
| Benzoic acid | 12.4 ± 1.0 | 32.8 ± 3.1 | 10.1 ± 0.2 | 14.4 ± 0.4 | 31.8 ± 3.2 | 10.1 ± 0.0 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 10.1 ± 1.0 | 24.8 ± 1.8 |
| Salicylic acid | 8.9 ± 0.0 | 9.4 ± 0.1 | 7.1 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 12.5 ± 0.4 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.0 | 9.0 ± 0.2 |
| 4-hydroxybenzoic acid | 6.1 ± 0.2 | 8.6 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.2 | 8.9 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.0 | 5.0 ± 0.0 | 6.5 ± 0.4 | 6.9 ± 0.0 |
| Protocatechuic acid | 77.6 ± 0.2 | 81.5 ± 0.5 | 63.6 ± 0.8 | 133.1 ± 1.1 | 68.8 ± 1.9 | 30.1 ± 0.4 | 48.1 ± 1.3 | 62.0 ± 0.0 | 47.9 ± 1.1 |
| Gallic acid | 14.8 ± 0.2 | 15.6 ± 0.5 | 9.6 ± 0.0 | 12.7 ± 0.5 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 12.1 ± 0.9 | 8.1 ± 0.8 |
| Vainillinic acid | 9.1 ± 0.1 | 11.6 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 0.7 | 7.1 ± 0.7 | 12.2 ± 1.2 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 10.7 ± 0.3 | 11.6 ± 0.2 |
| Syringic acid | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.3 |
| ∑ Hydroxybenzoic acids | 131.4 | 162.9 | 105.4 | 181.7 | 143.5 | 70.6 | 74.9 | 110.1 | 110.9 |
| Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||||||
| p-cumaric acid | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 1.4 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 37.2 ± 2.1 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.1 |
| Caffeic acid | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.0 |
| Ferulic acid | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.0 |
| ∑ Hydroxycinnamic acids | 2.2 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 7.6 | 39.9 | 7.7 | 3.0 | 2.7 |
| Flavan-3-ols: monomers | |||||||||
| (+)-Catechin | 20.5 ± 1.6 | 27.5 ± 0.4 | 23.1 ± 1.0 | 10.0 ± 0.2 | 13.8 ± 0.6 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 20.4 ± 0.5 | 11.5 ± 0.1 | 8.6 ± 0.2 |
| (−)-Epicatechin | 166.7 ± 8.8 | 165.7 ± 8.2 | 164.7 ± 3.6 | 81.7 ± 5.9 | 140.2 ± 5.7 | 52.1 ± 4.0 | 121.4 ± 1.5 | 104.9 ± 1.5 | 99.6 ± 6.5 |
| ∑ Monomers | 187.2 | 193.2 | 187.8 | 91.7 | 154.0 | 56.0 | 141.8 | 116.4 | 108.2 |
| Flavan-3-ols: procyanidin dimers | |||||||||
| Procyanidin B1 | 45.7 ± 2.2 | 31.0 ± 2.6 | 33.6 ± 1.3 | 10.0 ± 0.1 | 28.8 ± 1.3 | 6.4 ± 0.4 | 12.6 ± 0.2 | 11.7 ± 0.7 | 13.7 ± 0.0 |
| Procyanidin B2 | 399.2 ± 37.9 | 355.6 ± 24.2 | 370.9 ± 8.8 | 210.7 ± 10.2 | 389.2 ± 7.5 | 160.1 ± 6.0 | 229.2 ± 6.3 | 228.3 ± 4.7 | 254.9 ± 4.7 |
| Procyanidin B3 | 35.4 ± 1.5 | 24.3 ± 1.1 | 26.6 ± 0.0 | 8.0 ± 0.1 | 22.4 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 10.5 ± 0.8 | 10.2 ± 1.0 | 10.0 ± 0.0 |
| Procyanidin B4 | 445.4 ± 24.9 | 364.2 ± 12.3 | 374.5 ± 19.2 | 163.7 ± 6.3 | 377.1 ± 9.0 | 146.4 ± 1.3 | 219.3 ± 2.3 | 211.8 ± 14.3 | 227.1 ± 0.3 |
| Procyanidin B5 | 125.6 ± 7.8 | 91.5 ± 6.8 | 106.6 ± 1.3 | 32.8 ± 0.8 | 105.8 ± 2.8 | 31.4 ± 0.1 | 53.5 ± 0.1 | 48.3 ± 3.1 | 54.8 ± 0.4 |
| Procyanidin B (5.47 min) | 33.1 ± 3.2 | 21.9 ± 1.6 | 24.4 ± 1.0 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 23.5 ± 2.4 | 6.8 ± 0.0 | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 9.5 ± 0.5 |
| Procyanidin B (9.27 min) | 10.9 ± 0.6 | 10.7 ± 0.7 | 8.9 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 10.3 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 0.4 |
| ∑ Procyanidin dimers | 1095.3 | 899.2 | 945.5 | 435.4 | 955.1 | 358.9 | 540.1 | 525.5 | 576.8 |
| Flavan-3-ols: propelargonidin dimers | |||||||||
| Propelargonidin dimer (4.43 min) | 11.9 ± 0.7 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.1 |
| Propelargonidin dimer (5.01 min) | 63.4 ± 0.2 | 53.2 ± 1.3 | 54.8 ± 1.1 | 32.7 ± 2.0 | 54.9 ± 0.6 | 20.0 ± 0.5 | 28.1 ± 0.4 | 28.6 ± 1.7 | 30.3 ± 0.9 |
| Propelargonidin dimer (5.65 min) | 199.0 ± 2.7 | 171.5 ± 8.3 | 170.5 ± 0.6 | 89.4 ± 2.9 | 190.5 ± 1.0 | 56.2 ± 3.9 | 85.9 ± 0.8 | 85.9 ± 8.0 | 104.2 ± 2.5 |
| Propelargonidin dimer (9.27 min) | 46.6 ± 4.8 | 36.7 ± 3.5 | 37.9 ± 1.2 | 15.2 ± 1.1 | 41.5 ± 0.3 | 10.7 ± 0.1 | 15.5 ± 0.1 | 15.2 ± 0.4 | 19.3 ± 0.2 |
| ∑ Propelargonidin dimers | 320.9 | 269.8 | 272.5 | 141.4 | 295.4 | 89.3 | 133.6 | 133.5 | 158.2 |
| Flavan-3-ols: procyanidin trimers | |||||||||
| Procyanidin C1 | 452.0 ± 45.2 | 383.2 ± 38.3 | 379.5 ± 38.0 | 169.6 ± 17.0 | 372.1 ± 6.7 | 118.6 ± 6.0 | 190.6 ± 2.6 | 193.6 ± 10.2 | 225.8 ± 9.6 |
| Trimer B (4.62 min) | 141.9 ± 14.2 | 114.4 ± 11.4 | 116.1 ± 9.5 | 41.4 ± 4.1 | 109.7 ± 6.1 | 36.0 ± 3.6 | 24.7 ± 1.5 | 54.2 ± 5.4 | 62.8 ± 6.0 |
| ∑ Procyanidin trimers | 593.9 | 497.6 | 495.6 | 211.0 | 481.8 | 154.6 | 215.3 | 247.8 | 288.6 |
| Total | 2330.9 | 2026.1 | 2008.7 | 1063.1 | 2037.4 | 769.3 | 1113.4 | 1136.3 | 1245.4 |
1 Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (S.D.).