| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| mtDNA | mitochondrial DNA |
| DMEM | Dulbecco modified Eagle medium |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| FBS | Foetal bovine serum |
| MELAS | Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| DMSO | dimethylsulphoxide |
| PEG | polyethylene glycol |
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